Quality Management Flashcards
Quality Terminology
Measurable terms, requirements, definite terms
Quality vs Grade
Quality: fulfilling requirements, scope, implied needs, low quality is always a problem
Grade: Category or ranking, class of service, type of material, low grade may be needed and not necessarily a problem
Benchmarking Practices
Comparing actual or planned project practices or the project’s quality standards to those of comparable projects to identify best practices, generate ideas for improvement, and provide a basis for measuring performance.
Prevention: Quality Assurance
Deliver the exact project scope and the expected quality
Appraisal: Quality Control
Cost of measuring, testing, auditing, and evaluating
Failure: Internal Failure
Scrap and rework. Loss of sales, loss of customers, downtime, and damage to reputation
Alternatives Analysis
Used to evaluate identified options in order to select which different quality options or approaches are most appropriate to use
Document Analysis
Analysis of different documents produces as part of the output of project control processes, such as quality reports, test reports, performance reports, and variance analysis, can point to and focus on processes that may be out of control and may jeopardize meeting the specified requirements or stakeholders’ expectations
Process Analysis
Identifies opportunities for process improvements. This analysis also examines problems, constraints, and non value added activities that occur during a process
Root Cause Analysis
Analytical technique used to determine the basic underlying reason that causes a variance, defect, or risk. May underlie more than one variance, defect, or risk. It may also be used as a technique for identifying root causes of a problem and solving them. When all root causes for a problem are removed the problem does not recur.
Histogram
Show a graphical representation of numerical data. Histograms can show the number of defects per deliverable, a ranking of the cause of defects, the number of times each process is noncompliant, or other representations of project or product defects
Matrix Diagram
Seeks to show the strength of relationships among factors, causes, and objectives that exist between the rows and columns that form the matrix
Scatter diagrams
Graph that shows the relationship between two variables. Can demonstrate a relationship between any element of a process, environment, or activity on one axis and a quality defect on the other axis.
Design for X
A set of technical guidelines that may be applied during the design of a product for the optimization of a specific aspect of the design. Can improve or control the products final characteristics.
Pareto Diagram
Very powerful tool for showing the relative importance of problems. According to the Pareto Principle, in any group of things that contribute to a common effect, a relatively few contributors account for the majority of the effect. Commonly, it is found that: 80% of complaints come from 20% of customers.
