Qualitative Research & Ethnography

Question 1

what are the features of qualitative research?

Answer 1

• inductive (doesn’t start with theory, leads to theory)
• interpretivist (opinion, get in peoples heads)
• constructionist (follows interpristism)

Question 2

what is the qualitative research process?

Answer 2

• general theory questions
• selecting relevant sites and subjects
• collection of relevant data
• interpretation of data
• conceptual and theoretical work
• tighter specification of research questions
• collection of further data
• ## writing up / finding questions §

Question 3

what is meant by emotional labour?

Answer 3

part of job is to be empathetic to another person

Question 4

what are the types of validity?

Answer 4

external

internal

Question 5

what are the types of reliability?

Answer 5

internal

ecternal

Question 6

what is internal reliability?

Answer 6

extent to which, how confident ould it be to repeat again (quite hard in social situation)

Question 7

what is external reliability?

Answer 7

are you being consistent (more than one experiment)

Question 8

what is internal validity?

Answer 8

how accurate are the measures, qualitative can spend along time on it

Question 9

what is external validity?

Answer 9

generlaisbilty, can it be put on other surroundings, applicability

Question 10

what is respondent validation?

Answer 10

providing feedback to research participants

Question 11

what are the forms of respondent validation?

Answer 11

• individual/specific

- group/general

Question 12

what are the practical difficulties with reposndant validation?

Answer 12

• defensive reactions (if results have negative consequences)
• limited ability of pmts to validate answers (language you use may not transfer to non academics)

Question 13

what is triangulation in research?

Answer 13

using more than one research method or source of data in the study (cross check results)

• operate within and across research strategies (qual and quan)
• allow access across level of reality

Question 14

what are the preoccupation of qualitative research?

Answer 14

• seeing through eyes of people being studied
• high level of description
• emphasis on context/process
• concepts are grounded in data

Question 15

what are the critiques on qualitative data?

Answer 15

• subjective (measures lack science)
• difficult to replicate
• problems with gernelaisatibility
• lack of transparency

looks more at micro factors and process over time, whereas quantitative data is more static in use

Question 16

what is meant by ethnography?

Answer 16

qualitative research method
a person immerses themselves in research site
observing behaviour in natural setting
e.g. culture
it is both a research method and a written outcome of research

Question 17

what is a famous example of an ethnographiec study?

Answer 17

Roy (1958) - sent 2 months as a machine operator

Question 18

what are the advantages of the overt role in ethnography?

Answer 18

• reduces problem of access

- reduces problem of reactivity (change in someones behaviour)

Question 19

what are the disadvantages on the covert role of ethnography?

Answer 19

• problem of taking notes
• problem of not being able to use other methods
• anxiety
• ethical problems (consent)

Question 20

how could you gain access to firms?

Answer 20

• insiders contacts
• support of influential
• something in return
• honesty
• clear eplainantion of aims and methods
• explain why it may be beneficial for firm
• hand around

Question 21

what are the roles a researcher could tajke in an organisation?

Answer 21

• acting as a consultant (expert outsider and give the organisation insider gain)
• apprentice (free labour for access)
• confidante (counciler, analysing you can provide value to the firm)

Question 22

what is meant by ‘going native’?

Answer 22

losing your sense of being a researcher, lose objectivity, analysis can become unfair, become too wrapped up

Question 23

what is an example of someone going native?

Answer 23

Beynon 1975

worked in Ford factories and was allegedly seen to have an affair with someone who worked there