Qualitative Research & Ethnography Flashcards
what are the features of qualitative research?
- inductive (doesn’t start with theory, leads to theory)
- interpretivist (opinion, get in peoples heads)
- constructionist (follows interpristism)
what is the qualitative research process?
- general theory questions
- selecting relevant sites and subjects
- collection of relevant data
- interpretation of data
- conceptual and theoretical work
- tighter specification of research questions
- collection of further data
- ## writing up / finding questions §
what is meant by emotional labour?
part of job is to be empathetic to another person
what are the types of validity?
external
internal
what are the types of reliability?
internal
ecternal
what is internal reliability?
extent to which, how confident ould it be to repeat again (quite hard in social situation)
what is external reliability?
are you being consistent (more than one experiment)
what is internal validity?
how accurate are the measures, qualitative can spend along time on it
what is external validity?
generlaisbilty, can it be put on other surroundings, applicability
what is respondent validation?
providing feedback to research participants
what are the forms of respondent validation?
- individual/specific
- group/general
what are the practical difficulties with reposndant validation?
- defensive reactions (if results have negative consequences)
- limited ability of pmts to validate answers (language you use may not transfer to non academics)
what is triangulation in research?
using more than one research method or source of data in the study (cross check results)
- operate within and across research strategies (qual and quan)
- allow access across level of reality
what are the preoccupation of qualitative research?
- seeing through eyes of people being studied
- high level of description
- emphasis on context/process
- concepts are grounded in data
what are the critiques on qualitative data?
- subjective (measures lack science)
- difficult to replicate
- problems with gernelaisatibility
- lack of transparency
looks more at micro factors and process over time, whereas quantitative data is more static in use
what is meant by ethnography?
qualitative research method
a person immerses themselves in research site
observing behaviour in natural setting
e.g. culture
it is both a research method and a written outcome of research
what is a famous example of an ethnographiec study?
Roy (1958) - sent 2 months as a machine operator
what are the advantages of the overt role in ethnography?
- reduces problem of access
- reduces problem of reactivity (change in someones behaviour)
what are the disadvantages on the covert role of ethnography?
- problem of taking notes
- problem of not being able to use other methods
- anxiety
- ethical problems (consent)
how could you gain access to firms?
- insiders contacts
- support of influential
- something in return
- honesty
- clear eplainantion of aims and methods
- explain why it may be beneficial for firm
- hand around
what are the roles a researcher could tajke in an organisation?
- acting as a consultant (expert outsider and give the organisation insider gain)
- apprentice (free labour for access)
- confidante (counciler, analysing you can provide value to the firm)
what is meant by ‘going native’?
losing your sense of being a researcher, lose objectivity, analysis can become unfair, become too wrapped up
what is an example of someone going native?
Beynon 1975
worked in Ford factories and was allegedly seen to have an affair with someone who worked there
