collecting evidence through surveys Flashcards

1
Q

what is a sample survey?

A

systematic collection of information from large study groups, usually by means o interviews or questionnaires administered to a sample of units in the population

  • most prominent research design in social science
  • used to explain circumstances events and relationships
  • systematic method
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2
Q

what are characteristics of sample survey?

A
  • generalisable
  • usually cross sectional at one pint in time (snapshot)
  • Research design is post test
  • researcher does not directly observe the subjects or their behaviour
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3
Q

what are the stages in a sample survey

A
  • conceptualisation of research problem
  • analytical or descriptive
  • sampling
  • data collection
  • data entry
  • initial data analysis
  • statistical tests of hypotheses / in depth description
  • presentation of results
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4
Q

what is the importance of sampling?

A
  • key step in social survey research
  • survey is a subset of a population
  • population savers are expensive / impractical
  • can aid accuracy in larger samples
  • smoke statistics used to estimate population parameters
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5
Q

steps in how you sample?

A
  • define target population
  • identify sampling frame
  • select sampling procedure
  • determine sample size
  • elect sampling units
  • collect data from sampling units
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6
Q

what is a sampling unit?

A

an individual

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7
Q

what is probability sampling?

A
  • each individual in a population has a known non zero probability of being elected

possible calculate sampling error

more common that non probability

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8
Q

what is sample error?

A

arises from unrepresentitivness of the population sample

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9
Q

what are the types of probability sampling?

A
  • simple random sample
  • stratified
  • cluster
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10
Q

what is simple random sample?

A
  • like lottery or throwing a dice

- equal probbaailty of being chosen

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11
Q

what are the advantages of simple random samples?

A
  • ease of use

- unbiased, mor representative

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12
Q

what tare the disadvantages of simple random sampling?

A
  • sampling error if does not represent

- normally used when researcher knows little about population

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13
Q

what is stratified sampling?

A
  • parent population dividd into exclusive and exhaustive strata anda random sample is selected from each strata
  • strata his based on attributes or characteristics such as income
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14
Q

what are the advantages of stratified sample?

A
  • captures key characteristics

- smaller error in estimation

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15
Q

what are the disadvantages of stratified sampling?

A
  • time consuming
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16
Q

what is cluster sampling?

A

divide population into separate groups calle clusters

simple random sample of cluster is selected rom population

17
Q

what is non probability sampling?

A

umbrella term to cover all sampling that does not satisfy conditions of probability sample

fairly common

18
Q

what are types of non probability sampling?

A
  • convienece
  • quota
  • self selection
  • snowball
19
Q

what is quota sampling?

A

looking for specific characteristics

subsets of the population

e.g. 100 males between 20 - 30

20
Q

what are the sources of error in sample survey data?

A
  • sampling error
  • coding error
  • sample design error
  • non reposes error
  • measurement error
21
Q

how do you determine sample size?

A

no definitive guide to optimum sample size

where a poplaultion is less than 50 use cencus

samples of more than 30 are needed for statistical tests

increase samples sizes needed in certain circumatsnaces

22
Q

why is sampling important?

A

determining accuracy of results

23
Q

when should you use a questionnaire?

A
  • where the study is descriptive or explanatory
    (underlying approach is deductive)
  • seeking to prove a particular hypotheses or describe / compare characteristics
    (researcher knows in advance)
  • researcher