Qualitative Research Data 2

Question 1

staying in a single location for a
period to observe transactions in that location

Answer 1

Single Positioning

Question 2

– moving around the site to
observe behaviors from different locations

Answer 2

Multiple positioning –

Question 3

– involves following a person
throughout a given activity or period

Answer 3

Mobile positioning

Question 4

daily record of events and conversations

Answer 4

Log (field diary) –

Question 5

represent the observer’s efforts to record information and to
synthesize and understand the data

Answer 5

● Field Notes –

Question 6

objective descriptions of events
and conversation within which they occurred (thick description: goal of
participation observers’ descriptive note)

Answer 6

Descriptive or Observational Notes

Question 7

– documents researchers’ personal experiences,
reflections, and progress in the field

Answer 7

Reflective Notes

Question 8

document interpretative efforts to attach meaning to
observations

Answer 8

Theoretic Notes –

Question 9

reminders about how subsequent observations
should be made

Answer 9

○ Methodologic Notes

Question 10

– comments about the researcher’s own feelings during
the research process

Answer 10

○ Personal Notes

Question 11

It is the most appropriate method especially when the respondents cannot
adequately describe their own behaviors
● Qualitative observational methods have the potential of yielding rich insights
into human behaviors and social situations.
● These are especially profitable for in-depth research in which the investigator
wishes to establish an adequate conceptualization of the important issues in
a social setting or to develop hypotheses.
● Skillful participant observers can “get inside” a situation and thoroughly
scrutinize its complexities.
● On the other hand, there is a high vulnerability of observation to bias.

Answer 11

Evaluation of Observational Methods

Question 12

Purposes include:
○ Basic biophysiologic process
○ Explorations of the ways in which nursing actions and
interventions affect physiologic outcomes
○ Product assessments
○ Evaluate the measurement of biophysiologic information
gathered by nurses
○ Correlation of physiologic functioning in patients with health
problems

Answer 12

Biophysiologic Measures

Question 13

those performed directly within or on living organisms;
instruments are available to measure bodily functions, and technologic
advances continue to improve the ability measure biophysiologic phenomena
more accurately, and conveniently

Answer 13

In vivo measures

Question 14

data are gathered from participants by extracting
biophysiologic material from them and subjecting it to analysis by specialized
laboratory technicians; may include chemical measures, microbiologic
measures, and cytologic or histologic measures

Answer 14

In vitro measures

Question 15

They are relatively accurate and precise
● They are more objective
● Provides valid measures of targeted variables

Answer 15

Evaluation of Biophysiologic Measures

Question 16

Who will collect the data?
● What are the circumstances under which
data are gathered?

Answer 16

Implementing a Data Collection Plan

Question 17

The goal of a data collection plan is to produce data that are exceptional
quality.
● One aspect of a critique is likely to involve an appraisal of how much
information the research report provided about the data collection methods
used.
● Degree of structure is especially important in your assessment of data
collection plan.
● Other considerations include the amount of time available, the expected
sample size, the status of existing information on the topic, and most
important, the nature of the research question.

Answer 17

Critiquing Data Collection Methods