Qualitative Research Data

Question 1

lived experiences of persons who were involved with the
phenomenon being studied

Answer 1

Phenomenology –

Question 2

systematic study of the story and culture of a group of people

Answer 2

● Ethnography –

Question 3

exploration of a phenomenon within through various data sources
and lenses to reveal multiple facets of the phenomenon

Answer 3

Case Studies

Question 4

derives a genera, abstract theory of process, action, or
interaction grounded in the views of the participants in a study

Answer 4

Grounded Theory –

Question 5

the same information is gathered from all
participants in a comparable, prespecified way

Answer 5

Structure

Question 6

data that will be analyzed must be quantifiable

Answer 6

Quantifiability –

Question 7

– data collection methods differ in the degree to
which researchers are obtrusive in their efforts and the
participants are aware of their status as study participants

Answer 7

● Obtrusiveness

Question 8

free from deliberate bias and counter-checked in
any method possible

Answer 8

● Objectivity

Question 9

participants’ responses to questions
posed by the researcher, as an interview

Answer 9

Self-Reports

Question 10

collection of information using
your senses

Answer 10

Direct Observation

Question 11

physiological and physical
variables that require specialized technical instruments
and equipment for their measurement

Answer 11

Biophysiologic Measures

Question 12

Uses flexible methods of gathering self-report
data.
● Starts with general questions and allow
respondents to tell their stories in a naturalistic
world (conversational)

Answer 12

Qualitative Self-Reports

Question 13

used when researchers have no
preconceived view of the content or flow of information to be
gathered

Answer 13

● Unstructured interviews –

Question 14

used when researchers have a list of
topics or broad questions that must be addressed in an interview

Answer 14

Semi-structured interviews

Question 15

technique designed to elicit a vivid
picture of the participant’s perspective on the research topic

Answer 15

Key Informant Interviews

Question 16

interviews with groups of about 5 to 10
people whose opinions and experiences are solicited simultaneously.

Answer 16

● Focus group discussion –

Question 17

narrative self-disclosures about individual life
experiences

Answer 17

Life histories

Question 18

researchers ask participants to maintain a diary or
journal over a specified period

Answer 18

Personal diaries

Question 19

participant is asked to recall and
describe a time when a behavior, actin, or occurrence impacted a
specified outcome

Answer 19

Critical incidents technique

Question 20

used to collect data about cognitive processes,
such as thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making

Answer 20

Think aloud method –

Question 21

Overcome communication barriers to enhance the flow of
meaning.
● Conversations are purposeful ones that require advance
preparation.
● Unstructured interviews are typically long, sometimes lasting
several hours.
● Decide on how to best record such abundant information

Answer 21

Gathering Qualitative Self-Report
Data

Question 22

Yield the most direct responses and information that would be
difficult, or impossible, to gather by other means.
● Concerns on validity and accuracy of self-reports
● In general, unstructured interviews are of greatest utility when a
new area of research is being explored
● Time-consuming and demanding; and cannot measure the
quantitative aspects of a phenomenon

Answer 22

Evaluation of Self-Report Methods

Question 23

● Used to gather information such as the conditions of individuals,
verbal communication, nonverbal communication, activities, and
environmental conditions

Answer 23

Observation

Question 24

● Important dimensions include:

Answer 24

Focus of the observation
○ Concealment
○ Duration
○ Method of recording observations

Question 25

the observer participates in the
functioning of the group under study and strives to observe and
record information within the contexts and experiences that are
relevant to participants

Answer 25

Participant Observation –

Question 27

The physical setting

Answer 27

“Where?

Question 28

The participants –

Answer 28

“Who?”

Question 29

Activities

Answer 29

“What?”

Question 30

Frequency and duration

Answer 30

“When?”

Question 31

Process –

Answer 31

“How?”

Question 32

Outcomes –

Answer 32

“Why?”