Qbank Errors Flashcards
In patients with suspected renovascular HTN what methods should you use for evaluation?
Renal duplex US or CTA/MRA
What is immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome?
Acute worsening of symptoms which often occurs in individuals just started on HIV theraphy
How should you change meds in a patient with bipolar disorder that is in an acute manic episode despite being treated with lithium?
Check serum levels of Li and increase it but make sure you’re still in therapeutic window. Patients in acute mania may need higher dose than those just receiving it for prevention
What is circinate balanitis and what is it associated with?
Ulcers on penis. An extra-articular manifestation of reactive arthritis which may follow an infection (i.e. Chlamydia).
Necrolytic migratory erythema is associated with what condition?
Glucagonoma
What is the difference between a length-time bias and a lead-time bias?
Length-time bias: ID cases which are benign and slower progressing which overestimates benefit of screening
Lead-time bias: ID’s cases earlier in their natural history to overestimate survival
What is seborrheic dermatitis?
Dandruff
What is the difference between the mortality rate and case fatality rate?
Mortality rate: percentage of general population who die from a disease
Case fatality rate: percentage of those with a particular disease who die
What is appropriate treatment for priapism?
First place an ice-pack and see if that helps
Second, consider phenylephrine
What is the cause of HIT type 2? How does it present?
Antibodies forming to platelet factor 4 complexed with heparin. Often occurs 3-5 days after starting heparin and leads to thrombocytopenia and thrombosis.
How should pregnant patients with congenital heart disease leading to cyanosis be counciled?
That there is a high risk of death to the mother and fetus if becoming pregnant so elective termination should be considered
Which TORCH disease can present in infants with microcephaly?
Toxoplasmosis
Mucormycosis is best treated with ….
Amphotericin B
What are some of the indications for parathyroidectomy in patients with secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism?
i) PTH > 1000
ii) Calcium >10.5 and unresponsive to medicaal mgmt
iii) Hyperphosphatemia unresponsive to medical mgmt
iv) Intractable bone pain/pruritis
v) Episode calciphylaxis
vi) Soft tissue calcification
Young patients with diabetes, HTN, hypokalemia, and osteoporosis should be screened for …
Cushing syndrome
What disorder is caused by exaggerated IgE and IgG response to pathogens in the lungs? What is treatment?
Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis (ABPA)
Tx: glucocorticoids and itriconazole
What is the treatment of choice for Bell’s palsy?
Corticosteroids
What is the main form of mgmt of anal abscesses?
Incision and drainage
Patients in whom you suspect prostatitis should be evaluated with what tests?
UA and urine culture before proceeding to treatment
Symptomatic relief of nonbacterial prostatitis is best achieved how?
Sitz baths and anti-inflammatory medications
Chronic alcoholic patients are often depleted in what electrolyte that becomes exacerbated by refeeding?
Phosphate
Patients with Sjogren’s syndrome are at heightened risk of what malignnacy?
B-cell non-Hodgkins lymphoma
Can a parent refuse life-sustaining treatment for their young child?
No. If the child is not of age to consent on their own the physician must act in the child’s best interest
What is the SAAG and what is its utility?
Serum to ascites albumin gradient
Serum - ascites. If > 1.1 then indicates a portal HTN cause of ascites and if
Restless leg syndrome is associated with ….
Iron deficiency, uremia, DM, MS, Parkinson’s, drugs, pregnancy
What is the treatment of choice in catatonia?
Benzodiazepines and/or ECT
Diagnosis of dermatomyositis is based on ….
antibody testing (anti-RNP, anti-Jo1, anti-Mi2)
What is cataplexy and what is a good treatment?
Sudden loss of muscle tone
SNRI or SSRI
GERD can lead to peptic strictures which present how?
Difficulty with solid foods > liquids over long time course
What is intertrigo and the common causing pathogen?
Erythematous erosions and plaques of the body folds and creases caused by Candida
How are mild/moderate recurrent cases of Cdiff managed?
Metronidazole
HIV patients with esophagitis showing no virus and it is not Candida represents what? What is tx?
Apthous ulcers
Prednisone
What is preferred therapy in Paget’s Disease?
Bisphosphonates
When should indirect inguinal hernias in the pediatric population be treated?
Elective surgery as soon as possible since they’re at high risk for incarceration
What is tx for mild croup? Severe croup?
Mild croup: hydration and oral corticosteroids
Severe croup: steroids and racemic epinephrine
In a patient with asymmetric hyperreflexia and history of Pancoast tumor how concerned should you be?
Very. They may need urgent decompression due to spread of tumor to spinal cord.
What is the preferred means to treat hematochromatosis?
Phlebotomy
In severely depressed pregnant patients with active suicidality and hx of mania why is ECT recommended over fluoxetine?
Fluoxetine is safe in pregnancy but in patients with poorly controlled mania it may invoke manic symptoms. ECT would be more helpful given active suicidality
In patients with hematochromatosis what types of joint findings may you notice?
Arthropathy which looks like a pseudogout picture (e.g. positively birefringent rhomboid crystals)
How does age of an ASCUS result on Pap Smear change the follow-up management?
21-24 you would get a repeat Pap in 1 year
>25 you would get HPV testing
What should be done prior to IgE measurement in patients with suspected allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis?
Skin prick test for molds
Insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in HIV are linked to what process which commonly occurs in HIV?
HIV lipodystrophy (fat deposits on neck, abdomen)
What medication reduces the risk of ear and sinus barotrauma during diving?
Phenylephrine (non-sedating nasal decongestant)
What is mainstay of treatment for ABPA?
Oral steroids
How are actinic keratoses treated? What if it is more diffuse?
Cryotherapy removal
If more widespread then can consider topical 5-fluorouracil
What is a serious consequence of Dengue fever?
Circulatory system collapse
How are actinic keratoses treated? What if it is more diffuse?
Cryotherapy removal
If more widespread then can consider topical 5-fluorouracil
What bacterial infection commonly results from a human bite?
Eikinella corodens
What is the single strongest predictor of osteopenia and osteoporosis?
Age
T/F
After orchiopexy the rate of malignancy remains high
True
Pain out of proportion to the erythema seen on the exam of a patient with a fever may represent what?
What is the common pathogen involved?
Necrotizing fascitis
Group A Strep (e.g. Strep pyogenes)
If a patient begins developing severe symptoms from mono (e.g. airway swelling) then what medication should be provided?
IV steroids
*They shouldn’t be routinely administered but given when complications begin to arise
What type of pulmonary calcification suggests a benign etiology?
Popcorn calcifications (e.g. hamartoma); or diffuse homogenous, central, or concentric
