Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Step 3 > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

MSSA IV and oral treatment

A

IV: oxacillin/nafcillin; cefazolin
Oral: dicloxacillin; cephalexin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Severe MRSA treatment

A

Vancomycin, daptomycin, ceftaroline, tigecycline, linezolid, telavancin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

SE of linezolid

A

Thrombocytopenia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

SE of daptomycin

A

Myopathy and elevated CPK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Minor MRSA treatment

A

TMP/SMX, clindamycin, doxycyline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

If a patient presents with infection best treated with penicillin but allergy includes rash is it safe to use cephalosporins?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In patients with anaphylactic penicillin allergies what are appropriate options for treatment?

A

Macrolides (azithromycin, clarithromycin)

Clindamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

MOA of TMP/SMX

A

Folate antagonist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are three specific medications used to treat Streptococcus but not Staphylococcus? (Hint: all from same family)

A

Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What class of antibiotics are great at treating pneumococcus?

A

Fluoroquinolones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

SE of imipneme

A

Seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What cephalosporins offer good gram negative rod coverage?

A

Cefepime

Ceftazidime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the best antibx for abdominal anaerobes?

A

Metronidazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the only cephalosporins which cover anaerobes?

A

Cefoxitin

Cefotetan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What antibx is the best for respiratory anaerobes?

A

Clindamycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Best therapy for CMV retinitis

A

Valganciclovir

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

SE of foscarnet

A

Renal toxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

SE of valganciclovir and ganciclovir

A

Neutropenia and BM suppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are simeprevir, boceprevir, sofosbuvir, and ledipasvir used for?

A

Chronic hepatitis C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What medication is used in combination with IFN to treat HCV?

A

Ribavirin

21
Q

SE of ribavirin

A

Anemia

22
Q

What are lamivudine, IFN, adefovir, tenofovir, entecavir, and telbivudine used to treat?

A

Chronic hepatitis B

23
Q

What can be used to Candidiasis, Cryptococcus, and as an alternative to oral and vaginal candidiasis?

A

Fluconazole

24
Q

What medication is best for coverage against Aspergillus?

A

Voriconazole

25
Q

SE of voriconazole

A

Visual disturbance

26
Q

What class of medication (and list examples) are great for neutropenic fever patients?

A

Echinocandins (inhibit 1,3 glucan synthesis step of fungi)

E.g. caspofungin, micafungin, and anidulafungin

27
Q

How do -azole antifungals work?

A

Inhibit step turning lanosterol to ergosterol which leads to more permeable fungal cell membrane

28
Q

Amphotericin is effective against a wide variety of fungi but due to significant toxicity it has only two main uses currently, what are they?

A

Cryptococcus

Mucomycosis

29
Q

SE of amphotericin

A

Renal toxicity (directly toxic to distal tubules leading to distal RTA causing K and Mg loss which leads to H+ retention)
Hypokalemia
Metabolic acidosis
Fever/shakes/chills

30
Q

Best initial test for osteomyelitis

Most accurate test

A

Initial: X-ray (2nd is MRI)
Accurate: bone bx and culture

31
Q

What is the earliest finding of osteomyelitis on X-ray?

A

Periosteal elevation

32
Q

Patient with osteomyelitis come in and you decide to culture the visible sinus tract and ulcer. Good idea?

A

No! You should never culture the ulcer or sinus tract

33
Q

What should you be trending as you treat osteomyelitis to know response to therapy?

A

ESR; if still elevated then continue treating since majority of patients won’t be febrile or have elevated WBC

34
Q

Otitis externa is best treated how?

What adjunctive medications can assist?

A

Topical antibx (ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, or polymyxin/neomycin)

Topical hydrocortisone: reduces swelling and itching
Acetic acid and water solution reacidifies ear to eliminate infection

35
Q

How is malignant otitis externa different than simple otitis externa?

A

Very different. Malignant is basicallt osteomyelitis of skull often occurring in diabetics and caused by Pseudomonas

36
Q

Tx of malignant otitis externa

A

Surgical debridement and antibix against Pseudomonas

37
Q

Best initial test for sinusitis

A

Xray

38
Q

Most accurate test for sinusitis

A

Sinus aspirate for culture

39
Q

Tx of Strep pharyngitis

A

Penicillin or amoxicillin

If allergic then azithromycin or clarithromycin

40
Q

If dx of influenza is unclear what test can you do?

A

Viral rapid antigen detection

41
Q

Which influenza treatment works for both strains A and B?

A

Oseltamivir and Zanamivir (if symptoms started with last 48 hrs)

42
Q

When is the inactivated influenza vaccine indicated?

A

> 50 years old and with illness

43
Q

Tx impetigo

A

Topical mupirocin or retapamulin

Severe disease: oral dicloxacillin or cephalexin

44
Q

What presents with skin infection where the skin becomes red and hot and often occurs on the face?
Tx?

A

Erysipelas

Oral dicloxacillin or cephalexin

45
Q

What are sequela of erysipelas or pharyngitis caused by Strep?

A

Erysipelas: Strep glomerulonephritis

Pharyngitis: Strep glomerulonephritis and/or Rheumatic fever

46
Q

When considering LE cellulitis what else should you order?

A

Dopplers to rule out DVT

47
Q

How is cellulitis treated?

A

Minor: dicloxacillin or cephalexin orally
Severe: oxacillin, nafcillin, or cefazolin

48
Q

How are folliculitis, furuncles, carbuncles, and boils treated?

A

Same as cellulitis but possibly drainage if gets too large

Step 3 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions