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QA Flashcards

1
Q

quality control procedures ensure that all is in proper working order according to what 3 procedures

A

manufacturer, department, and national specifications

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2
Q

list 2 devices used to verify machine output and consistency

A

geometric and anthropomorphic phantoms

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3
Q

how does each oncology center determine the frequency of quality control checks

A

the stability of equipment performance, and recommendations set by the AAPM

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4
Q

list the 4 daily tests that could seriously affect patient positioning

A

laser, ODI, procedures to verify accurate patient dose delivery, safety equipment

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5
Q

list at least 2 examples of mechanical and electrical devices that a radiation therapist should regularly check

A

override switches, emergency off switches, limit switches, collision rings, dead man switch

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6
Q

list 3 monthly QA tests

A

treatment couch indicators, field light/ radiation congruency, beam flatness

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7
Q

who establish and manages the quality control procedures and tolerances

A

physicist

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8
Q

list 3 examples of treatment room items that must be checked daily for the care, safety, and hygiene of patients

A

IV poles, markers, flashlight

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9
Q

are both audio and video equipment necessary for patient treatment, or is one or the other satisfactory

A

both audio and video are necessary for treatment

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10
Q

how often should audio and video equipment be documented

A

daily

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11
Q

who should be notified if audio and video equipment malfunctions? when?

A

the engineer or physicist immediately

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12
Q

how often should block cutting systems be checked?

A

monthly

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13
Q

how often should the block room be assessed?

A

annually

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14
Q

how is the block room assessed?

A

with an air sample analysis that follows OSHA guidelines

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15
Q

does a block room assessment need to be documented

A

yes, proper documentation should be kept in a log with all corrective actions noted

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16
Q

list the 4 uses of accessory devices

A

indicate beam direction, modify beam attenuation, aid in positioning, and immobilization

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17
Q

list 2 latching mechanisms for interlocking accessories that should be checked monthly

A

electron cones, wedges, trays, compensators

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18
Q

what are the 3 methods for checking accessory devices?

A

visualization, manipulation, and radiography

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19
Q

when checking accessory devices, what 6 items should the record of results include?

A

date of check, device evaluated, condition of device, person notified of defect, corrective action taken, follow up dates and information

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20
Q

what 5 items should a treatment chart include? give an example of each.

A

patient identification, initial physical evaluation of patient, treatment planning, treatment execution, QA checklists

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21
Q

with regard to a patient’s treatment chart, what 6 items should a radiation therapist record daily

A

date, time out performed, daily and cumulative doses to all prescription, critical structure, and anatomic reference points

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22
Q

when should a chart check be performed?

A

before treatment delivery, weekly, at treatment completion

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23
Q

what is R & V?

A

record and verify

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24
Q

what should you do if an unexpected value or message is displayed by the R & V system?

A

document and inform the facility engineer or physics for follow up

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25
Q

every day therapists must verify that the room lasers and ODI are within

A

2 mm

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26
Q

define action levels

A

tolerance levels set for a procedure that when fall outside the allowed deviation will bring about actions to return values back to compliance

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27
Q

treatment may continue, but the cause should be investigated (level 1/level 2/level 3 action level)

A

level 1

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28
Q

treatment may continue, but an intervention should be scheduled within 1 to 2 working days (level 1/level 2/ level 3 action level)

A

level 2

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29
Q

requires immediate action, treatments should be stopped during this time (level 1/level 2/ level 3 action level)

A

level 3

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30
Q

QA concerns for MLC’s fall into what 2 categories?

A

attenuation properties, positional precision

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31
Q

how often should qualitative tests be performed on linac that perform IMRT and VMAT

A

weekly

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32
Q

describe the picket fence test?

A

the picket fence test looks at deviations in interleaf transmission

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33
Q

describe monthly QA procedures for multi leaf collimation

A

should include verification of the MLC setting versus the radiation field

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34
Q

describe annual QC procedures for multi leaf collimation

A

annual procedures include checking that the average of leaf and interleaf leakage for all energies is +/- 0.5% from commissioning baseline

35
Q

what is the definition of controlled area

A

a limited access area in which the occupational exposure of personnel to a radiation producing equipment or radioactive materials is supervised by an individual in charge of radiation protection

36
Q

what is the maximum permissible dose equivalent for a controlled area

A

5 mSv/yr

37
Q

what is the definition of noncontrolled / uncontrolled area

A

any other area in the environment, doses suitable for the general public would apply in these areas

38
Q

what is the maximum permissible dose equivalent for a noncontrolled / uncontrolled area

A

1 mSv/yr

39
Q

protection through the source housing is required against what 3 types of radiation

A

primary, scattered, leakage

40
Q

what is the definition of primary barrier

A

a barrier sufficient to attenuate the useful beam to the required degree

41
Q

what is the definition of secondary barrier

A

the required barrier against stray radiation (leakage and scatter)

42
Q

what is the definition of workload?

A

for megavoltage matines, W is usually stated in terms of weekly dose delivered at 1 m from the source. this can be estimated by multiplying the number of patients treated per week with the dose delivered per patient at 1 m

43
Q

how is workload expressed

A

in dose per week at 1 m

44
Q

what is the definition of use factor

A

fraction of the operating time during which the radiation under consideration is directed toward a particular barrier

45
Q

what is the definition of occupancy factor

A

fraction of the operating time during which the area of interest is occupied by the individual

46
Q

what is the definition of distance with regard to factors that enter into the calculation of barrier thickness

A

distance in meters from the radiation source to the area to be protected

47
Q

what is the occupancy factor for areas occupied full time by an individual

A

1

48
Q

what is the occupancy factor for outdoor areas with only transient pedestrian or vehicular traffic, unattended parking lots, unattended vehicular drop-off areas, stairways, and unattended elevators

A

1/40

49
Q

on a therapeutic source assembly over 500 kVp, what is the maximum absorbed dose rate due to leakage radiation (excluding neutrons) at any point outside the maximum field size, but within a circular plane of 2 m radius that is perpendicular to and centered on the CAX at the normal treatment distance?

A

0.2% of the useful beam dose rate at the tx distance

50
Q

the quality of leakage radiation is approximately the same as the of the ___

A

primary beam

51
Q

is leakage radiation more or less penetrating than scattered radiation

A

more penetrating

52
Q

unless a maze entryway is provided, the door must provide shielding equivalent to the __ surrounding the door

A

wall

53
Q

the __ must be protected against neutrons that diffuse and reach it

A

door

54
Q

high energy x-ray beams over __ MV are contaminated with neutrons

A

10

55
Q

what is better to reduce neutron contamination– designing a longer maze or adding more lead shielding to the door

A

designing a longer maze

56
Q

should brachytherapy sources be touched with your hands?

A

no long forceps should be used instead

57
Q

what should be done with a leaking source

A

a leaking source should be returned to an agency that is authorized for the disposal of radioactive materials

58
Q

can ionization chambers be used to measure exposure directly

A

yes

59
Q

is a cutie pie survey meter an ion chamber? GM counter? or TLD?

A

ion chamber

60
Q

is a geiger muller detector more or less sensitive than an ion chamber

A

more sensitive

61
Q

does a GM detector measure dose

A

no

62
Q

which of the following is best for finding contamination and other low levels of radiation- ion chamber, GM detector, or TLD?

A

GM detector

63
Q

is a rascal an ion chamber, GM counter, TLD, or neutron detector

A

neutron detector

64
Q

how should radiation transmitted through the primary barrier be measure?

A

radiation transmitted through the primary barrier should be measured with the beam at max size pointed at the barrier

65
Q

how should measurements outside the secondary barrier be made

A

measurements outside the secondary barrier should be made with a phantom in the treatment position

66
Q

why would film monitor be used instead of a TLD or OSLD?

A

it’s cheaper

67
Q

in a TLD what does the crystal substance typically consist of?

A

lithium fluoride LiF

68
Q

what does OSLD stand for?

A

optically stimulated luminescent dosimeters

69
Q

an OSLD can be read for as long as __ after irradiation

A

1 year

70
Q

what acceptance is this (below)?

A

light beam with x-ray beam coincidence

71
Q

what is the tolerance for the light beam with x-ray beam coincidence test?

A

the alignment between the light beam and the x-ray beam should be within +/- mm or 1%on a side

72
Q

define mechanical isocenter

A

the intersection point of the collimator axis rotation and the gantry axis rotation

73
Q

what may be caused by the heavy weight of the gantry frame

A

the axis of the gantry rotation can miss the axis of the collimator rotation, thereby creating an uncertainty in the position of the isocenter

74
Q

define wiggler

A

an adjustable pointer device with a sharp point that may be attached to the distance- measuring rod that is attached to the accessory mount for the purpose of performing a mechanical isocenter check

75
Q

what is the tolerance for the collimator rotation mechanical isocenter check

A

for an acceptable alignment, the isocenter should stay within a 2 mm diameter circle when the collimator is rotated through its full range of rotation

76
Q

what is the tolerance for the gantry rotation mechanical isocenter check

A

the tolerance of the isocenter motion with full gantry rotation is +/- 1 mm

77
Q

what do the 3 star pattern tests check

A

radiation isocenter

78
Q

with regard to the collimator radiation isocenter test, what is considered an acceptable result

A

all the lines should intersect or pass within a 2 mm diameter circle

79
Q

with regard to the treatment table radiation isocenter star pattern test, what is considered an acceptable result

A

all the line should intersect or pass within a 2 mm diameter circle

80
Q

with regard to the gantry radiation isocenter test, what is considered an acceptable result

A

should show the lines intersecting or passing within a 2 mm diameter circle centered around the presumed radiation isocenter

81
Q

what does the split field test detect

A

focal spot displacement, asymmetry of collimator jaws, and displacement in the collimator rotation axis or the gantry rotation axis.

82
Q

what is the tolerance for calibration of leaf positions?

A

deviation of more than 20% would indicate positioning problems

83
Q

how can irregularly shaped fields using MLCs be tested?

A

create a series of typical irregular field shapes using software, then compare that to MLC generated fields by looking at them and radiographing them

84
Q

what is the tolerance for wedge angles?

A

wedge angles should be within +/- 2 degrees

FOR BOARDS (23 decks)

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