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FOR BOARDS > Mosby 2 > Flashcards

Mosby 2 Flashcards

1
Q

the HDR brachytherapy room should have a zone monitor to

A

indicate any potential exposure

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2
Q

the patient experiencing dry desquamation should be advised to

A

apply radiation dermatitis ointments no sooner than 1 hour before treatment

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3
Q

if the threshold energy of 1.022 MeV is not present for beta+ decay to occur, then a nucleus with an excess number of protons will release energy by

A

electron capture

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4
Q

brachial plexopathy is a possible adverse effect following high dose irradiation to the

A

supraclavicular fossa

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5
Q

the radionuclide Tc-99m is an example of an

A

isomer

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6
Q

what is the approximate location of the external iliac lymph nodes?

A

1 cm lateral of the pelvic rim

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7
Q

which portion does not provide protection for the brain?

A

cerebellum- in the posterior portion of the brain

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8
Q

earlier generation therapy machines called orthovoltage machines operated in the range of

A

150 to 500 kV

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9
Q

when radiation passes through matter, is may produce positively and negatively charged particles known as

A

ions

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10
Q

for a clinical whole brain without the use of a face mask, the inferior border will be at the mastoid process and

A

supraorbital ridge, external auditory meatus

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11
Q

when treating the maxillary antrum the organ at the greatest risk for damage is the

A

lens

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12
Q

the traditional unit of absorbed dose equivalent is the

A

REM

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13
Q

0.01 joule/kg is equivalent to

A

1 RAD

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14
Q

what thickness of cerrobend would be equivalent to 8 cm of lead

A

9.6 cm of cerrobend

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15
Q

which of the following therapeutic ratios would be expected to provide the highest probability of cure

A

1.75

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16
Q

a representation of the dose in an irradiated volume, as a function of spatial position along a single line is known as a/an

A

dose profile

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17
Q

the factors to consider for the thickness of protective barriers include distance, occupancy, and

A

workload and use

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18
Q

compared to xrays the LET for protons is

A

higher

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19
Q

how many lobes does the left lung have?

A

2

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20
Q

how many lobes does the right lung have?

A

3

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21
Q

the prodromal stage of acute radiation syndrome consists of

A

nausea

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22
Q

within the first two weeks of standard, fractionated radiation therapy the patient will experience

A

erythema, and epilation

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23
Q

the main route of breast carcinoma as it metastasizes is first through the

A

axillary lymph

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24
Q

when using film for portal imaging, the size of the enlarged image or shadow on the film is dependent on

A

target to object distance, target to film distance

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25
Q

what is normal platelet count ranges?

A

150,000 to 450,000

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26
Q

if the electron energy selected is 12 MeV, this energy selected indicates the

A

maximum energy of electrons in the beam

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27
Q

contact with secretions transferred by sneezing, coughing, or talking is an example of which kind of means of transmission

A

droplet

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28
Q

the classification of a neoplasm is based on

A

pathology, biologic behavior, anatomic site, degree of differentiation

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29
Q

the spinal cord proper in the adult extends from the

A

foramen magnum to the second lumbar spine

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30
Q

one type of natural background radiation is

A

cosmic and terrestrial

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31
Q

if distance is doubled, the intensity of radiation will be

A

reduced by a factor of four

32
Q

what is the tunica albuginea in the ovary?

A

capsule of collagenous connective tissue

33
Q

the skin dose in the case of electron beams is about

A

80-90%

34
Q

what will create a streaking artifact on a CT image

A

dense metals, titanium hip prosthesis, metallic dental fillings

35
Q

patients should be weighed and remeasured through the treatment axis periodically so that

A

anatomic variations can be monitored

36
Q

a stochastic effect is best defined as one in which

A

probability of a latent effect is dose dependent

37
Q

what would influence the onset or duration of action for a certain drug?

A

nutrition

38
Q

your patient has a continuous infusion chemotherapy regulator. during treatment, the regulator apparatus begins to alarm. you should:

A

alert a physician or nurse

39
Q

which tumor marker among the following is helpful in the diagnosis of testicular cancer

A

alpha fetoprotein

40
Q

the dose rate for low dose rate brachytherapy procedures is typically

A

2 Gy/ Minute

41
Q

the early effects of radiation occur

A

within a few weeks of exposure

42
Q

the average energy deposited per unit path length to a medium by ionizing radiation as it passes through that medium best describes

A

linear energy transfer

43
Q

what is an example of imaging modalities that is not functional imaging?

A

CT

44
Q

a lumbar spine field with the central axis at lumbar vertebrae number 3 will be located at about the level of the ___ on the patients skin surface

A

iliac crest

45
Q

biological effects are more prominent with

A

heavily ionizing radiation and high LET radiation

46
Q

weakened proximal pelvic muscles, impotence, and bladder paralysis may be signs of a spinal tumor located in what region

A

lumbosacral

47
Q

exposure is measured in

A

coulombs per kilogram (C/kg)

48
Q

the ___ plane divides the body into right and left segments.

A

sagittal

49
Q

which of the following is defined as Planck’s constant?

A

6.62 x 10 ^34 J-sec

50
Q

external beam radiation for cancers of the mid esophagus is best delivered using

A

anterior and two posterior obliques

51
Q

hair loss is usually permanent when the scalp is exposed to radiation doses exceeding

A

60 Gy

52
Q

the target volume includes the regional nodes. the caudal margin is the inferior border of the obturator foramen. the cephalic margin is L5. the lateral margins are 1 cm beyond the true pelvis. the nodes included are the external and internal iliac. the target volume is:

A

bladder

53
Q

the volume of lung within an anterior supraclavicular field can be reduced when treating breast carcinoma by

A

moving the breast down on the chest wall and making the match line as superior as possible

54
Q

the radiosensitivity of a tumor could depend upon the

A

mitotic rate, tumor growth fraction, histology

55
Q

the cancer management modality most likely to induce remission in newly diagnosed leukemia

A

chemotherapy

56
Q

in order to make custom cerrobend blocks, the following information is needed

A

target to film distance and beam energy

57
Q

the photoelectric process is essentially an interaction between a photon and

A

a bound electron

58
Q

mucositis is more likely to occur in which of the following malignant conditions

A

leukemia

59
Q

the normal limits for BUN in mg/dL for the adult are

A

10-20

60
Q

the anterior margin is based extension into the nasal cavity. the superior border is at the base of the skull. the posterior margin includes the posterior cervical nodes. the caudal margin is at the inferior aspect of the clavicle. the target volume just described is for treatment of

A

nasopharynx

61
Q

what is the CT number of water on a Hounsfield scale?

A

0

62
Q

the clinical target volume includes

A

gross target and subclinical disease

63
Q

a patient who is in cardiac arrest is a level ___ on the Karnofsky scale

A

0

64
Q

bite blocks may be used in head and neck photon irradiation to

A

protect the oral cavity from the primary beam

65
Q

which part of the larynx contains the true vocal cords

A

glottis

66
Q

if heavy charged particles have a quality factor of 20, what is the absorbed dose equivalent for 100 cGy

A

20 Sv

67
Q

when a missing tissue compensator is used, it should be placed

A

at some distance from the skin surface

68
Q

about one week after the infusion of certain chemotherapy agents, the skin in a previously irradiated area may show signs of erythema, blistering, and pain. this phenomenon is known as radiation

A

recall

69
Q

patients should be warned to avoid ___ because it repels, rather than attracts moisture to the skin

A

petroleum jelly

70
Q

the system international’s unit for activity is the

A

becquerel

71
Q

percent depth dose varies with

A

depth, field size, radiation quality

72
Q

to prevent the distant spread of prostatic tumors, the ___ should be included in the treatment fields

A

common iliac nodes

73
Q

the radiation unit for absorbed dose equivalent is the ___ while the SI unit is the sievert

A

rem

74
Q

the half-life of cobalt 60 is

A

5.26 years

75
Q

the common area of spread for medulloblastoma is

A

cerebrospinal fluids

76
Q

how much energy is in one atomic mass unit

A

931 MeV

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