Q3: Overall Topics | Exam Reviewer Flashcards
it can help remove dead skin cells and calluses. this procedure is done by professional nail technicians prior to manicure and pedicure service
hand and foot spa
this kind of treatment replenish, restores, and rejuvenates the tired hands and feet of the client
hand and foot spa
is part of the integumentary system of the human body. it is usually described as the hard-protective plate situated at the end of a finger or toe
nail (onyx)
is the fiber-shaped protein found in skin and hair
keratin
it is the base part or root of the nail where the nail plate itself grow
matrix
it is the part of a nail that is situated at the end of a finger or toe
nail plate
it is formed from dead cells, which give it a hard and semi-transparent structure
nail plate
it is a part of the nail that is located on or beyond the tip of the finger or toe
free edge
it is the part of the nail that is composed of living skin, which holds up the nail plate as it grows longer toward the free edge
nail bed
it gives a pinkish color to the nail because it is composed of capillaries and glands
nail bed
it is a crescent shaped part of the nail where the matrix and the nail bed meet
lunula
it is a semi-transparent scarfskin that envelops the nail and the matrix to shield them from physical damages that can cause infections
cuticle
it is a pocket-like structure that holds the root and the matrix of a nail
mantle
it is the living skin at the base of the nail plate that covers the matrix area of the nail
eponychium
it is a thickened layer or scarfskin located under the free edge where the nail bed is situated
hyponychium
it lies along the side of the edge of the nail plate. it keeps the nail to grow in a straight line
nail groove
it is the part of the nail that covers the edge of the nail, overlapping the sides and proximal end of the nail
nail wall
are conditions that are commonly caused by diseases or injuries to the nail unit
nail disorders
it is a condition where blood clots below the nail plate, giving it to a dark purplish appearance
bruised nail beds
it is a type of condition where the nails are weaker and thinner than usual
eggshell nails
it refers to the horizontal grooves running across one side of the nail plate to the other
beau’s line
it is caused when the growth of the nail plate is disrupted
beau’s lines
it refers to the piece of dry, torn skin nesting at the root of the nail
hangnails
it is also known as “white spots” which are whitish discoloration inside the nail plate
leukonychia
this condition is due to the minor damages in the matrix. it also appears because of too much force exerted on the cuticles
leukonychia
it is a condition that makes the nail plate appear black. it may either affect a portion of a nail plate or an entire nail plate
melanonychia
this condition is caused by the increase of pigment cells or melanocytes in a particular area, usually in the matrix
melanonychia
it is also known as “bitten nails”
onychophagy
it is the outcome of one’s continuous chewing of the nails or the hardened and damaged skin around the nail plate
onychophagy
it is a condition that gives off a rough texture to the surface of the nail plate because of a series of lengthwise ridges on a split or brittle nail
onychorrhexis
it is a highly curved nail plate that is also known as “folded nail.” it often leads to ingrown nails
plicatured nails
it is a condition that persists when the skin is stretched by the nail plate
nail pterygium
it is a common condition caused by a hard impact or a physical trauma to the nail bed which damages the capillaries, letting the amounts of blood to flow
splinter hemorrhages
sloughing of the nail plate and inflammation of the matrix
onychia
also known as ingrown nails
onychocryptosis
it is where the nail plate disconnects with the nail bed ghat is caused by physical trauma or negative nail reactions to different chemicals
onycholysis
it is where the nail plate separates and falls off from the nail bed
onychomadesis
it is where the nail plate is infected with fungi
onychomycosis
it is the occurrence of pus that causes swelling and redness to the tissues around the nail plate because of bacterial inflammation
paronychia
it is a severe inflammation of the nail where a mass of red tissues grows over the nail plate from the nail bed
pyogenic granuloma
this is also known as athlete’s foot
tinea pedis
it is a condition where red patches of skin appear on the bottom of the feet between the toes, which causes itchiness
tinea pedis
is one of the most vital steps taken to avoid the transfer of microorganisms from one person to another
handwashing
is a therapeutic manipulation of the soft tissue of the body to promote blood circulation, muscle relaxation and relief from pain
massage
is a manipulation that uses one or both hands gliding over the surface of the body while applying varying degrees of pressure based on the type of massage being given
effleurage
kneading manipulation that applies pressure to the tissue and move them over underlying tissues in a locking, rolling, and wringing matter
petrissage
is the process of rapid tapping or striking an alternate motion of the hands against the tissues of the skin
tapotement
is a manipulation that yields tremors in the tissues.
vibration
it involves bigger and coarser movements that shake up the muscles
shaking
it utilizes fine movements to produce tremors
vibration
it is a deep cleansing and toning treatment that stimulates blood circulation, this invigorates skin tissues
hand paraffin wax treatment
a machine that has an automatic thermostat that holds the paraffin wax and maintains the ideal temperature for application to the hands
hand paraffin bath machine for hands
it is a white, translucent, soft wax with a low melting point
paraffin wax
are designed to add special treatment to a manicure
electric hand mitts
it is placed over a client’s hands or feet after a penetrating conditioning product has been applied
terry cloth mitts
it is a thin plastic film used for sealing the paraffin wax into the hands
cling wrap
split or brittle nails
onychorrhexis
it can help remove dead skin cells and stubborn calluses
foot spa
it is a type of massage that started from china but has flourished in thailand as it was adopted by their buddhist monks
thai foot massage
it is a type of massage employed to relieve particular areas of the body from pain, tiredness, and fatigue. it is performed by massaging certain areas of the body with heated basalt stones
hot stone massage
this massage involves soaking the feet in warm water, followed by massaging with essential oils
traditional foot massage
this massage involves the soaking of the hands or foot in a warm, petroleum-based paraffin wax
paraffin foot spa treatment
it is usually the initial step in feet assessment prior to the treatment
looking for a contraindication
a fungal infection that usually forms between the toes but, in serious cases, can spread further. it is described by loose, flaking skin, itching, and irritated
athlete’s foot
these include fungal infections, ingrown, or thickened toenails
toenail problems
these are thickened, hardened layers of skin
corns and calluses
these are painful inflammations of the bursa at the joint of the big toe, causing it to bend toward the next toe
bunions
is a sharp projection of bone
spurs
is a cleft-like defect in the skin
fissures
it appears on the sole, it can be spread by touch
plantar warts
a form of arthritis caused by the buildup of too much uric acid in the blood, which then becomes deposited around the joints, usually at the base of the big toe, causing swelling and redness
gout
these are typically patches of dry, reddened, swollen, and/or itchy skin
eczema
this is the inflammation of the nerves affecting the toes, usually occurring in women only
plantar digital neuritis
is the process of removing dirt and dead skin cells of the outermost layer of the skin
exfoliation
is a tool designed to be used by foot health practitioners to strip off calluses
callus remover
is made of metal or sandpaper, with a rough file on one side to remove calluses and a fine file on the other to smoothen the feet
foot file
is a type of volcanic rock, a frothy lava solidified to form a porous rock, used to remove dry and annoying skin of the feet as well as calluses
pumice stone
is a beauty product meant to be coated on the feet after soaking and exfoliation
foot mask
a natural pain reliever oil for sore muscles and joints
lavender oil
oil soothes itchy and dry sensitive skin
chamomile oil
oil that is a skin moisturizer, helps reduce puffiness
grapeseed oil
oil that is a great moisturizer for hands and feet
olive oil
oil that helps soothe tired muscles
rosemary oil
oil that is an excellent moisturizer that helps penetrate the skin
jojoba oil
antiseptic and anti-fungal oil
cedarwood oil
oil that relieves dry skin, itchiness, and irritation
neem oil
oil for blood circulation and pain reliever
eucalyptus oil
antiseptic and natural deodorizer oil
cypress oil
oil that alleviates muscle aches like arthritis
juniper berry oil
it has a cooling sensation that helps reduce pain and swelling
wintergreen oil
this stroke is complicated because of the therapist’s use of pronounced wrist action
folded hands glide
gives the foundation for nail designs and can complement the natural features of the hands
nail shape
it is nicely rounded at the base and slightly pointed at the tips
oval
nail shape that makes the hands appear more feminine
oval nails
most common nail shape choice that complements long nail beds as it adds length to the fingers
square nail
is a shape of a nail that goes with any type of nail bed. it has the length of a square nail but has the soft edges of an oval one
squoval nail
nail shape that is less apparent and more popular with men as the shape reflects the natural contours of the nail
round nails
nail shape that is not usually seen, but it creates length and conjures artistry
pointed shape
it is designed ergonomically for both the client and nail technicians
salon pedicure/foot spa station
it has cabinets and shelves for storing the cosmetics and implements used in nail services
manicure table
used for soaking the client’s feet with warm water, salt, and essential oils before pedicure
foot bath machine
tray that holds nail cosmetics for easy mobility
supply tray
helps shorten the period it takes for the client’s nail polish to dry
electric nail polish dryer
light units that are designed to cure polishes that contain ingredients sensitive to the UVA wavelength of the bulb in the dryer
UV lamp
a covered foam used to provide comfort for both the client and the nail technician
cushion or small pillow
used for soaking the client’s hand in warm water to soften the skin and cuticle
finger bowl
a tightly covered container that holds absorbent cotton, wipes, or gauze for use during the services
cotton balls container
are PPE worn by nail technicians for protective against hazards like microorganisms
gloves
this is used for the disinfected implements
container or lined cabinet
a metal made of stainless steel that is designed to scrape cuticle tissue from the natural nail plate
metal pusher
used to remove dead cuticle tissue from the nail plate and to clean under the free edge of the nail
orangewood stick
used to shape and smooth the free edge of the nail
emory board
used to remove debris from the nail plate during services and in handwashing procedures
nail brush
it is used to smoothen irregular nail ridges
abrasive nail buffer
it is used to buff and polish the nails
two-way or three-way buffer
it contains 2% to 5% sodium or potassium hydroxide plus glycerin
cuticle remover
it prevents the nail from splitting or peeling. it is also used to improve the durability of weak or thin nail plates
nail hardener
it serves as a barrier product. its ingredients are designed to seal the surface of the skin around the nails. it holds the moisture lying under the skin
nail creams
it contains ingredients that penetrate the skin to keep it soft or to repair damage. it makes the skin less prone to dryness or cracked
hand cream and lotion
used to remove cosmetic on nails
absorbent cotton
used for drying and wiping
towel
used for cleaning and drying
cleansing wipes
used for minor injuries to tissues
antiseptic
used to remove creams from jars
spatula
includes face and body wear aimed at protecting the worker from hazards that go with the job
PPE/personal protective equipment
this nail design follows the lunula shape, using a thin nail art brush, shape into a half-moon with the white polish and carefully fill in
half-moon
this design uses a thin nail art brush, apply white nail polish in the middle of the nail where the nail tip usually starts. fill a line to the left edge as well as to the right edge. continue applying the white nail polish until it is completely filled
french tip
this design follows the lunula shape, using a thin nail art brush, shape into a half-moon with the light color polish and carefully fill the uncovered area then apply white nail polish at the tip of the nail
half-moon with tip
this design uses two pieces of adhesive tape, creating a V shape where the base is at the tip of the nail
v-shaped
this design uses a thin nail art brush in dark-colored nail polish creating a half-moon at the inner part of the nail. using the same brush, shape the other side using an S design
elephant tusk
it is created by filing straight up the sidewall of the nail and across the free edge
square nail
a common manicure design that uses a thin nail art brush to apply white nail polish at the free edge of the nail
french tip
this design follows the shape of the lunula and filling the tip of the nail
half-moon with tip
a common manicure design that uses an adhesive tape to cover the nail to create this pattern
v-shaped
a common manicure design that uses an adhesive tape to cover the nail to create this pattern
v-shaped
technique that involves the painting of the nails where the nail technician can use different kinds of tools such as nail art brushes, pens, and dotting tools
free-hand nail design
it is an alternative to free-hand art; it uses etched metal plates and a rubber stamper to transfer designs to the nail
nail stamping
it is the best tool/technique for creating faded and gradients designs on nails
nail sponging
nail design technique that involves dipping of nails into the water with nail polish dropped into it
water marbling
nail design technique that involves dipping of nails into the water with nail polish dropped into it
water marbling
this technique is created by dropping two or more colored nail polish into the water. the pattern will form spirals or geometric designs
free-dropping
is created by following free-dropping technique but patterns can be more complicated by using tools such as toothpick or barbecue stick that created patterns like flowers, peacocks, hearts, etc
free-dragging
it involves the use of packaging tape and masking tape where the tapes are used as a stencil
nail taping
this technique is ideal when making a straight line or a shape
nail taping
is the application of embellishments in various artistic designs
3D nail art
are artificial nails that are made of lightweight plastic plates formed like the shape of the nails
stick-on nails
are tiny stickers that can be easily applied to the nails using a pair of tweezers
decals
it is easy to apply because of its flat back
studs
three types of pearls
-natural
-cultured
-plastic replicas
are stickers formed like the size of the nails
nail wrap stickers
involves the use of striping tapes. they are very thin and give metallic lines when attached to the nail
striper tape
brush used for painting borders, small to medium stripes, and fine strokes
angled brush
brush that has a short, stiff, and fine tips making it possible to pull off most intricate designs
detail brush
brush that is great for short strokes
flat brush
brush used for blending and layering colors; to remove dust or stray glitters
fan brush
brush used to create long, straight lines in one stroke
striper brush
it is used to create a free-hand nail design
nail art pens
it has a long handle with a small round ball at each tip
dotting tool
they are thin longboards with coarse surfaces
abrasives
another type of abrasive that is employed to smooth out small bumps on the nails before buffing
buffer block
can be used to paint small dots or apply pieces of glitters to the nail
toothpicks
prevents nails from splitting or peeling
nail hardener
it can help add details without needing to own a vast nail polish collection
acrylic paint
treatment that can be incorporated with a manicure or pedicure that starts with deep cleansing, and toning, stimulation the circulation of blood and invigorating skin tissues
hand paraffin wax treatment
