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SAMS > Q3 Exam 1 > Flashcards

Q3 Exam 1 Flashcards

(67 cards)

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1
Q

Three phases of a seizure

A

Pre-ictal (aura), Ictus (30s-2min), Post-ictus (seconds to days)

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2
Q

cluster

A

more than 2-3 seizures in 24 hours

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3
Q

status epilepticus

A

single seizure lasting longer than 5 min, multiple without normal recovery

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4
Q

great seizure mimics

A

syncope, cataplexy/narcolepsy, myasthenia, myoclonus, vestibular, REM, muscle spasms, estrus in cats

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5
Q

idiopathic head tremors

A

dobermans, labs, bulldogs, no loss of consciousness, generally benign

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6
Q

age at which epilepsy becomes less likely

A

5 years

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7
Q

goals of epilepsy therapy

A

decrease frequency, duration, and severity of events (want 1 event every 2-3 months)

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8
Q

why is oral diazepam no longer recommended for cats

A

fulminant liver failure

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9
Q

phenobarb adverse effects

A

polyphagia, PU/PD, sedation, hepatotoxicity (true toxicity rare and reversible)

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10
Q

bromide adverse effects

A

sedation, vomiting, skin rash/pruritis and dry nose, pancreatitis, pneumonitis in cats

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11
Q

seizure 1 2 3

A

1 ml: little dog
2 ml: medium dog
3 ml: big dog

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12
Q

Ascending reticular activating system

A

regulated sleep-wake cycle

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13
Q

vasogenic vs cytogenic brain edema

A

vasogenic- extracellular, white matter, disruption of BBB
cytogenic- intracellular, metabolic from neuron

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14
Q

Ischemic reflex

A

pressure up, pulse down during increase in ICP

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15
Q

lateralizing signs

A

circle towards lesion, cerebral contralateral, brainstem ipsilateral

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16
Q

stupor vs coma

A

stupor- responds to noxious stimuli
coma- does not respond

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17
Q

hepatoencephalopathy

A

may worsen after eating, ammonia toxic, tx with low protein diet, lactulose, neomycin

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18
Q

breeds where glioma common

A

boxer, brachycephalics

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19
Q

meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology

A

young, small breeds, tx with steroids, bad prognosis in pugs

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20
Q

acquired hydrocephalus

A

CSF obstruction, tx with steroids, omeprazole, and VP shunt

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21
Q

cognitive dysfunction syndrome

A

Disorientation
Interactions
Sleep-wake cycle
House soiling
Activity
(cortical atrophy)

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22
Q

head trauma prognosis

A

guarded, but delay euth 24-48 hr if possible to see

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23
Q

vascular encephelopathy

A

systemic hypertension

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24
Q

menance response

A

tests 2 and 7 (after 12w)

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25
palpebral reflex
tests 5 and 7
26
PLR
tests 2 and 3
27
oculomotor testing
mostly tests 8
28
gag reflex
tests 9 and 10
29
loss of vision with and w/out PLRs
no PLR: retinal or optic nerve disease (pupils dilated) PLR: cortical blindness
30
optic neuritis
absent vision and PLR, tx with steroids, guarded tho
31
trigeminal neuritis
cannot close mouths, immune mediated (remember rabies tho), often self-limiting
32
unilateral masticatory muscle atrophy
trigeminal nerve root tumor
33
facial nerve paralysis
develops KCS, will develop on other side in next two years
34
vestibular lesion
tilt to lesion, fast phase away from lesion
35
horners syndrome 4 symptoms
miosis, ptosis, enopthalmos, protrustion 3rd eyelid
36
jamshidi biopsy
bony and solid tumors, extrude backwards, risk of fracture!!
37
5 types of round cell tumors
MCT, histiocytoma, plasma cell, lymphoma, TVT
38
most common feline skin tumor
basal cell
39
what size of tumor shows on x-rays
7-9 mm
40
most common locations for hemangiosarcoma
primary: spleen (then heart) mets: liver
41
hemoabdomen double 2/3
2/3 malignant, 2/3 of those HSA
42
how to determine if hemoabdomen active bleed
check PCV
43
hsa treatment
surgery, chemo (doxorubicin first)
44
TCC tx
radiation and chemo (mitoxantrone and piroxicam), can get years
45
AGASACA treatment
surgery (also get LNs), radiation, chemo
46
FNA for lymphoma
avoid mandibular, usually diagnostic
47
when to use PARR
effusion or weird/reactive cytology
48
how to determine stage 5 lymphoma from leukemia
flow cytometry
49
CHOP protocol
remission in 80-90% C-cyclophosphamide H-hydroxydaunorubicin O- oncovin (vincristine) P-prednisone
50
indolent lymphoma
goldens and shih tzus, affects immune system, tx prednisone only, but only treat if lymphocytosis
51
GI lymphoma
small cell common, tx chlorambucil and prednisone large cell more dramatic and bad
52
renal lymphoma
palpate large kidneys, can spread to neuro
53
doxorubicin side effects
cardio in dogs, renal in cats, severe vesicant
54
cyclophosphamide
sterile hemorrhagic cystitis
55
4 excision types
intralesional/debulking, marginal, wide, radical
56
STS surgery
3cm margins, one fascial plane
57
mast cell tumors
2-3cm margins, 1 fascial plane
58
cat tumors
5cm margins, 2 fascial planes
59
321 ISS rule
mass present 3 months post vax mass 2 cm in diameter mass increases in size after 1 month
60
dog and cat pituitary tumors
dog- corticotroph adenoma (cushings) cat- somatotroph adenoma (acromegaly)
61
oral SCC
poor prognosis, can try SRS or piroxicam
62
oral melanoma
most common oral tumor in dogs, check your LNs, possibly new vaccine??
63
oral sarcoma
on palate, relatively indolent so can treat with sx or radiation and does decent
64
acanthomatous ameloblastoma
tumor from dental ligament, relatively benign but locally invasive, need to take surrounding bone
65
nasal tumors
often carcinomas, met rate lowish, SRS and piroxicam
66
cat nasal tumors
most malignant, lymphoma most common, conventional radiation works well
67
thyroid tumors
dogs- malignant but non-functional (movable?) cats- not malignant but functional (heart, BP, kidneys)

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