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SAMS > Q3 Exam 1 > Flashcards

Q3 Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Three phases of a seizure

A

Pre-ictal (aura), Ictus (30s-2min), Post-ictus (seconds to days)

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2
Q

cluster

A

more than 2-3 seizures in 24 hours

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3
Q

status epilepticus

A

single seizure lasting longer than 5 min, multiple without normal recovery

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4
Q

great seizure mimics

A

syncope, cataplexy/narcolepsy, myasthenia, myoclonus, vestibular, REM, muscle spasms, estrus in cats

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5
Q

idiopathic head tremors

A

dobermans, labs, bulldogs, no loss of consciousness, generally benign

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6
Q

age at which epilepsy becomes less likely

A

5 years

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7
Q

goals of epilepsy therapy

A

decrease frequency, duration, and severity of events (want 1 event every 2-3 months)

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8
Q

why is oral diazepam no longer recommended for cats

A

fulminant liver failure

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9
Q

phenobarb adverse effects

A

polyphagia, PU/PD, sedation, hepatotoxicity (true toxicity rare and reversible)

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10
Q

bromide adverse effects

A

sedation, vomiting, skin rash/pruritis and dry nose, pancreatitis, pneumonitis in cats

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11
Q

seizure 1 2 3

A

1 ml: little dog
2 ml: medium dog
3 ml: big dog

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12
Q

Ascending reticular activating system

A

regulated sleep-wake cycle

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13
Q

vasogenic vs cytogenic brain edema

A

vasogenic- extracellular, white matter, disruption of BBB
cytogenic- intracellular, metabolic from neuron

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14
Q

Ischemic reflex

A

pressure up, pulse down during increase in ICP

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15
Q

lateralizing signs

A

circle towards lesion, cerebral contralateral, brainstem ipsilateral

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16
Q

stupor vs coma

A

stupor- responds to noxious stimuli
coma- does not respond

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17
Q

hepatoencephalopathy

A

may worsen after eating, ammonia toxic, tx with low protein diet, lactulose, neomycin

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18
Q

breeds where glioma common

A

boxer, brachycephalics

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19
Q

meningoencephalitis of unknown etiology

A

young, small breeds, tx with steroids, bad prognosis in pugs

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20
Q

acquired hydrocephalus

A

CSF obstruction, tx with steroids, omeprazole, and VP shunt

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21
Q

cognitive dysfunction syndrome

A

Disorientation
Interactions
Sleep-wake cycle
House soiling
Activity
(cortical atrophy)

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22
Q

head trauma prognosis

A

guarded, but delay euth 24-48 hr if possible to see

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23
Q

vascular encephelopathy

A

systemic hypertension

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24
Q

menance response

A

tests 2 and 7 (after 12w)

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25
Q

palpebral reflex

A

tests 5 and 7

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26
Q

PLR

A

tests 2 and 3

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27
Q

oculomotor testing

A

mostly tests 8

28
Q

gag reflex

A

tests 9 and 10

29
Q

loss of vision with and w/out PLRs

A

no PLR: retinal or optic nerve disease (pupils dilated)
PLR: cortical blindness

30
Q

optic neuritis

A

absent vision and PLR, tx with steroids, guarded tho

31
Q

trigeminal neuritis

A

cannot close mouths, immune mediated (remember rabies tho), often self-limiting

32
Q

unilateral masticatory muscle atrophy

A

trigeminal nerve root tumor

33
Q

facial nerve paralysis

A

develops KCS, will develop on other side in next two years

34
Q

vestibular lesion

A

tilt to lesion, fast phase away from lesion

35
Q

horners syndrome 4 symptoms

A

miosis, ptosis, enopthalmos, protrustion 3rd eyelid

36
Q

jamshidi biopsy

A

bony and solid tumors, extrude backwards, risk of fracture!!

37
Q

5 types of round cell tumors

A

MCT, histiocytoma, plasma cell, lymphoma, TVT

38
Q

most common feline skin tumor

A

basal cell

39
Q

what size of tumor shows on x-rays

A

7-9 mm

40
Q

most common locations for hemangiosarcoma

A

primary: spleen (then heart)
mets: liver

41
Q

hemoabdomen double 2/3

A

2/3 malignant, 2/3 of those HSA

42
Q

how to determine if hemoabdomen active bleed

A

check PCV

43
Q

hsa treatment

A

surgery, chemo (doxorubicin first)

44
Q

TCC tx

A

radiation and chemo (mitoxantrone and piroxicam), can get years

45
Q

AGASACA treatment

A

surgery (also get LNs), radiation, chemo

46
Q

FNA for lymphoma

A

avoid mandibular, usually diagnostic

47
Q

when to use PARR

A

effusion or weird/reactive cytology

48
Q

how to determine stage 5 lymphoma from leukemia

A

flow cytometry

49
Q

CHOP protocol

A

remission in 80-90%
C-cyclophosphamide
H-hydroxydaunorubicin
O- oncovin (vincristine)
P-prednisone

50
Q

indolent lymphoma

A

goldens and shih tzus, affects immune system, tx prednisone only, but only treat if lymphocytosis

51
Q

GI lymphoma

A

small cell common, tx chlorambucil and prednisone
large cell more dramatic and bad

52
Q

renal lymphoma

A

palpate large kidneys, can spread to neuro

53
Q

doxorubicin side effects

A

cardio in dogs, renal in cats, severe vesicant

54
Q

cyclophosphamide

A

sterile hemorrhagic cystitis

55
Q

4 excision types

A

intralesional/debulking, marginal, wide, radical

56
Q

STS surgery

A

3cm margins, one fascial plane

57
Q

mast cell tumors

A

2-3cm margins, 1 fascial plane

58
Q

cat tumors

A

5cm margins, 2 fascial planes

59
Q

321 ISS rule

A

mass present 3 months post vax
mass 2 cm in diameter
mass increases in size after 1 month

60
Q

dog and cat pituitary tumors

A

dog- corticotroph adenoma (cushings)
cat- somatotroph adenoma (acromegaly)

61
Q

oral SCC

A

poor prognosis, can try SRS or piroxicam

62
Q

oral melanoma

A

most common oral tumor in dogs, check your LNs, possibly new vaccine??

63
Q

oral sarcoma

A

on palate, relatively indolent so can treat with sx or radiation and does decent

64
Q

acanthomatous ameloblastoma

A

tumor from dental ligament, relatively benign but locally invasive, need to take surrounding bone

65
Q

nasal tumors

A

often carcinomas, met rate lowish, SRS and piroxicam

66
Q

cat nasal tumors

A

most malignant, lymphoma most common, conventional radiation works well

67
Q

thyroid tumors

A

dogs- malignant but non-functional (movable?)
cats- not malignant but functional (heart, BP, kidneys)

SAMS (7 decks)

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