Q1 Exam 2 Flashcards
five layers of gut from inner to outer
mucosa, submucosa, circular muscle, longitudinal muscle, serosa
three oxyntic gland cells and what they produce in the stomach
parietal cells: HCl, intrinsic factor
chief cells: pepsinogen
ECL cells: histamine
two pyloric gland cells and what they produce
D cells: somatostatin if pH is too low
G cells: gastrin
PPIs
omeprazole more broad spectrum acid reducer than famotidine, but not as fast, might increase effects of other drugs
sucralfate
needs acidic environment to work properly (give on empty stomach before PPI?, can cause constipation
exocrine pancreatic secretions
bicarb, intrinsic factor allows for B12 absorption, enzymes like trypsin (master key)
cisapride
prokinetic that can be given at home, but need to get compounded
apomorphine
dopamine receptor agonist (only works in dogs CRTZ) 75% successful at removing foreign object
how does the feline esophagus differ
1/3 smooth muscle
treatment for congenital megacolon
sildenafil, supportive care
megacolon secondary to in 25% cats
thymoma
lower esophageal achalasia like syndrome
bird beak sign, failure of LES to relax, treat with mechanical dilation and botulism toxin, then maybe surgery
spirocerca lupi
esophageal worm, special float, granulomas turn into cancer (and not sccs)
GERD treatment
prokinetics, acid suppression, sucralfate, maybe LF diet
common labwork findings for foreign body
hypochloremic metabolic acidosis
L lateral what should we see in stomach
gas in pylorus
how to stabilize GDV patients
correct hypovolemia, correct arrhythmias
manage pain
decompress stomach
salmonid poisoning
from N helminthoeca, causes granulomatous inflammation everywhere, hemorrhagic vomiting, doxycycline and deworm
Physaloptera
“happy puker” worm
pythiosis
colonize ICJ and causes fibrotic wall, need to resect or amputate if on limbs, aggressive antifungals, poor prognosis still
bilious vomiting syndrome
early morning vomiting of bile in otherwise healthy dogs, treat with smaller frequent meals
most common gastric neoplasias in cats and dogs
dogs: adenocarcinoma
cats: lymphoma
pyloric stenosis
common in brachycephalics, causes vomiting
small vs large bowel diarrhea
small: large volumes, no urgency or frequency, no tenesmus, weight loss and maybe vomiting
large: everything opposite
AHDS
acute severe large bowel diarrhea with hematochezia (jam), hemoconcentration and normal TP
parvo
small bowel diarrhea progress to mixed and hemorrhagic, leukopenia,
panleuk
can be subclinical, peracute and fatal, or more like parvol, or cerebellar hypoplasia
hypoadrenocorticism
SMILED
segs and monos increased, lymphs and eos decreased
CIE
non infectious GI inflammation lasting longer than 3 weeks, treat with diet, fix microbiome and maybe suppress inflammation
what breeds commonly get hereditary PLE
basenjis, wheaten terriers, lundehund
what breeds commonly get granulomatous colitis
boxers and bulldogs, E coli invades mucosa, tx baytril
what breed gets primary lymphangectasia
yorkies
causes of secondary lymphangesctasia
CIE, thoracic duct obstruction, right heart failure
what breed can have gluten sensitivity
irish setters
tx for tritrich
ronidazole
dyschezia
tenesmus specific to rectum, anus, perianal region
megacolon diagnosis
rads colon:L5 ratio > 1.6
two causes for megacolon in kittens
congenital hypoT4 and atresia ani type 1
perianal fistula
GSD ulcers or sinus tracts in skin around anus, thought to be immune mediated, cyclosporine tx and tacrolimus/ diet change long term
what spurious things create melena looking stool
pepto, liver, activated charcoal, blueberries
hematochezia bleed source
cecum or distal
hematochezia look alikes
beet, red food coloring
