Q3 Chp 20 Reading Guide pg 1-2 Flashcards
Describe three broad ways Europe changed or transitioned during the Industrial Revolution and why these changes were significant
- Industrial production increase, causing new ways of organizing human labor
- Less labor intensive handicrafts and more machines & specialized labor
- More large factories, meaning more populated urban areas
When and where did the Industrial Rev begin?
Britain in 1750
What was the Ag Rev? How did it eventually cause the beginnings of industrialism?
It was a technological increase in farming tools and tactics, leading to increased food production, population increase, and eventually more available workers for factories for new British industry
What is capital? Why did Britain have a lot of it?
It’s material wealth used to gain more wealth. Britain was abundant in it due to profit trade, cottage industry, an effective central bank, and flexible credit facilities (most of which were from the Ag Rev)
Why was entrepreneurship widespread in Britain?
Because much of Britain was fascinated by wealth and profits
What major natural sources did Britain have available that helped it to industrialize early?
Coal, iron ore, etc.
Who was Arkwright, what was his personality like, and why did his ideals reflect capitalism?
He was born poor, but was known to be passionate, enterprising and stubborn. He believed that hard work pays off, which it very much did in his case. He sacrifice a lot of personal desires to gain much profit
Was Britain’s gov in favor of capitalism?
Yes, because there was a fine line between the working and middle class, and they had few restrictions on private entrepreneurs
How did Britain’s global presence enable it to industrialize? What factors pertaining to wars and colonization helped Britain to expand production?
Its global presence enabled more markets to be established, which led to more wars and colonization to grow Britain’s empire
What inventions of the early Industrial Rev allowed for rapid factory production of textiles? Who invented them?
The steam engine by James Watt, and the pig iron and wrought iron by Henry Cort
Why were factories so much more efficient than the previous putting out system?
The water frame, Crompton’s mule, and power looms
What invention was most important for cotton production and why?
The steam engine invented by James Watt because it allowed the factory system to spread
What changed in the process of making iron during the Industrial Rev that made British iron so desirable?
Coke was used to burn away impurities from iron with a pig iron, then a wrought iron was used to make it high quality
What role did Richard Trevithick and George Stephenson each play in the Industrial Rev? What were their innovations used for? What ripple effect did it have on the economy?
Trevithick pioneered the first steam-powered locomotive and Stephenson shortly followed and built engines with his son. It helped transport people and goods faster. This led to more job availability, cost of goods went down, and larger markets were established
Why was factory work so different than agricultural labor?
Factory work was timed and always rigorous, while agricultural work was less consistent
