Q1 Absolutism and Constitutional Monarchy

Question 1

Divine right of kings

Answer 1

The belief that rulers obtain their right to rule from God, not people

Question 2

Absolutism

Answer 2

When a ruler governs with complete authority

Question 3

Sovereignty

Answer 3

A self governing state, possessing ultimate authority within a state upon crowned or privileged groups

Question 4

Intendants

Answer 4

French royal officials who were sent to provinces to carry out the orders of the central government

Question 5

Act of Supremacy (1534)

Answer 5

Passed by Henry the VIII stated that the king was also the head of the church paired with the Act of treason made it illegal to challenge this

Question 6

Cardinal Richeliu

Answer 6

Louis XII’s chief minister, former king as a child who initiated policies, strengthened the monarchy’s power and weakened the Hugunots

Question 7

Council of Trent (1545-1563)

Answer 7

Served to define Catholic doctrine and made sweeping decrees on self-reform

Question 8

Thomas Hobbes

Answer 8

An English philosopher also best known for his 1651 book Leviathan, he believed that without organized society humans are animalistic and selfish

Question 9

Oliver Cromwell

Answer 9

Military dictator in charge of the New Model Army, overthrew King Charles I, ruled during the Interregnum

Question 10

Golden Age of Dutch Republic (1575)

Answer 10

Dutch trade, science, and art and the Dutch military were among the most acclaimed in the world

Question 11

John Locke

Answer 11

An English philosopher and physician commonly known as the “father of liberalism”, believed that before organized society, humans “lived in a state of equality and freedom”

Question 12

Louis XIV

Answer 12

Perfect example of absolute monarch

Question 13

The Fronde (1648-1653)

Answer 13

A series of civil wars at the beginning of Louis XIV’s reign

Question 14

Interregnum (1649)

Answer 14

Period of time where there was no absolute monarchy in France, and where Oliver Cromwell developed his model army

Question 15

Peter the Great

Answer 15

Ruler of Russia, built fleets and fought Sweden in the Great Northern War to gain territory, caused Russia to oppose modernization and fear the West

Question 16

Edict of Fontainebleau (1685)

Answer 16

Revoked the Edict of Nantes which breaking religious tolerance in France, creating a Catholic state

Question 17

English Bill of Rights (1689)

Answer 17

Ensured free elections, frequent parliaments, and a freedom of speech parliament. Also known as a parliamentary privilege

Question 18

Whigs and Tories

Answer 18

The American Loyalists who supported the monarchy, were consistently also referred to as Tories, early activists in the colonies called themselves Whigs

Question 19

Glorious Revolution (1688-89)

Answer 19

Series of events that led to the emancipation of King James II in which William and Mary took over and established a constitutional monarchy

Question 20

House of Hohenzollern

Answer 20

Dynasty of Prussia that ruled with absolutism and eventually formed Germany as a centralized state

Question 21

War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1714)

Answer 21

Caused by an open spot for the Spanish Crown, Louis XlV wanted the power for himself instead of giving it to his grandson

Question 22

Peace of Utrecht (1713)

Answer 22

An agreement that Spanish and French crowns will not unite. First time there was a Bourbon King

Question 23

Baroque Period

Answer 23

A period of new age art in the 17th-18th century with a blend of Renaissance art, featuring the classical Roman and Greek art styles, with new religious ideas creating new art styles