Q1 Middle Ages Flashcards
Where and how did the Black Plague originate?
Asia; trade, rats and other pests
What percentage decrease in economy did the Black Plague have on Europe?
25-50%
What did much of Europe think the Black Death was because of and why?
Much of Europe was Catholic, so they thought it was God’s punishment for them
Flagellants
Catholic Europeans who whipped themselves in the streets and asked for God’s mercy in hopes it would stop the black plague
How long did the Hundred Years’ War last?
116 years (1337-1453)
Who was the Hundred Years’ War between?
France & England
Reason for Hundred Years’ War
France & England were fighting over territorial rights for the duchy of Gascony & issue of succession of French Crown
Impacts of the Hundred Years’ War
Destroyed feudal nobility, brought about new social order based on monetary payments, political alliances formed, financial problems (due to extreme use of mercenary soldiers)
Joan of Arc
Led French army to victory in Orleans in 1429 in Hundred Years’ War
When and why did the Great Schism occur?
1378; because two popes were elected (one from Rome and one from Avignon, France)
Who was eventually elected as Pope during the Great Schism?
Pope Urban VI
Why did the cardinals want to elect Pope Clement VII instead of Pope Urban VI during the Great Schism?
Because the Roman citizens, in fear of a Frenchman being elected, sent death threats to the cardinals
What were some effects of the Great Schism?
Financial abuses within the church, tremendous loss of prestige for the papacy, etc.
Pope Gregory VII
Reformed the Church, played a big role in the Investiture Controversy
Investiture Controversy
A dispute over the papacy’s authority in the HRE, resulting of excommunication of Emperor Henry VI 3X; eventually, Clement III was appointed as the anti-pope
Feudalsim
A social, economic and political system that emerged in the MA in Europe. Nobles held power over peasants in exchange for loyalty/service, and monarchy was on top of social hierarchy but relied on nobles
When and why did Feudalism begin to decline?
During the Renaissance due to economic changes and the rise of centralized monarchy
What was the Manor System?
When peasants worked hard in land in return for protection, food and other resources given by feudal lords
Who was Charlemagne?
First king of the HRE, crowned on December 25, 800 by Pope Leo III
Why was Charlemagne crowned king of the HRE?
Because of his conquest in united Europe under Catholicism in areas like Italy, Spain, Bohemia and Germany, which strengthened the Catholic church
When did Charlemagne die?
814, 14 years after he was crowned king of the HRE
What did Charlemagne’s death signify?
An extended period of fragmentation and decline of provinces due to incompetent rule and Civil War
