Q3 Flashcards
What is the hypothalamus?
controls pituitary gland and links the nervous system to the endocrine system
What are hormones and how are they produced?
Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands
What is the pituitary gland?
Endocrine gland at the base of the brain that secretes hormones that affects other glands. Growth and development
Adrenal gland?
Pair of endocrine glands that are involved in the human stress response
What is the endocrine system?
System of glands that supplement the nervous system by secreting hormones into the bloodstream
How does the hypothalamus connect to the endocrine system?
The hypothalamus receives neural imput from the brain and triggers a hormone release in the pituitary gland
What is structural plasticity?
The ability to change the brains physical structure in response to learning, practice, or environmental influences
What is functional plasticity?
Brains ability to shift functions from a damaged area to an un damaged area.
What is neurogenesis?
The development of new neurons
What is cortical localization?
Certain functions are located throughout certain areas of the brain.
What is lateralization of function?
Certain cognitive functions processed on one side of the brain
What are Broca and Wernicke’s areas, and what did they show about our left hemisphere of the brain?
Language and speech are lateralized on the left hemisphere of the brain, which were shown to be involved in language production and reception
What is aphasia?
Loss of ability to speak or understand language
Why is the brain called an integrated system?
Simple behaviors require highly integrated interaction of trillions of synapses
What have researchers found with rats and neurogenesis in article of 81-83?
Enriched environments and exercise increase the rate of neurogenesis. Increase blood flow to hippocampus
What is the nervous system?
Primary communication network. Divided into central nervous system and peripheral nervous system
What are nerves made of?
Neurons bound together by connective tissue
What is the central nervous system made of?
The brain and spinal chord
Occipital lobe?
Area back of each hemisphere of the brain that is primary receiving area for visual information
Parietal lobe?
Area on each hemisphere above the temporal lobes that process somatic information (touch, temperature)
Temporal lobe?
Area on each hemisphere near the temples that is primary receiving for auditory information.
Frontal lobe?
Largest lobe of each cerebral hemisphere that processes muscle movements and involved in thinking, planning, and emotional control
Corpus callosum?
Thick band of axons that connects the left and right hemispheres and acts as a communication link between them.
What is the cerebellum?
Two sided hindbrain structure, responsible for muscle coordination and maintaining posture
What’s the brain stem?
Hindbrain and the midbrain that connects the base of the brain and spinal chord, responsible for visual and auditory info
What is the cortex of are brain, what do it looks like, what connects to hemispheres?
The cortex= cerebellum, looks sponge
Corpus callosum connects the hemispheres
What are the branches of our nervous system and what are their functions?
Central nervous system- brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Ns- receives and sends messages to central nervous system.
Somatic NS- control of digestive skeletal muscle, lifting ur hand.
Autonomic NS- controls gland, heart, automatic pilot.
Sympathetic NS-arouses, expends energy, raised heart beat and blood pressure.
Parasympathetic NS- conserve energy, calms you, slows heart, cools u.
What does the somatic NS do?
Communicates sensory info to the CNS and carries motor messages from CNS to the muscles
What does the autonomic NS do?
Regulates involuntary action, breathing, digesting,
