Final Flashcards
What are some symptoms of schizophrenia
Delusions- false beliefs that persists despite evidence
Hallucinations
Negative symptoms- reduced emotional expressiveness and speech
Positive symptoms- delusions and hallucinations, disorganized thoughts and behaviors
What are the causes of schizophrenia
Genetics, age of father, viral infection, excess dopamine, excessive pruning of synapses
Personality disorders
Inflexible patterns of thoughts, emotions, behaviors and interpersonal functioning that are congruent. Think everybody else is the problem
Antisocial personality disorder
Psycho/sociopath
A pattern of violating the rights of others. Lies, cheats, manipulates, and steals. No remorse of causing pain. Ted bunny
Men, high testosterone, low serotonin and pulse
Borderline personality disorder
Unstable relationships, emotions, and self image. Attempts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. Caused by disruption in attachment. Women, abandonment
What are two insight based psychotherapies
Psychoanalysis and client centered therapy
What is meant by insight in relation to therapy
Insight revolves unconcious conflicts and helps with self understanding
Who developed and what is psychoanalysis?
Sigmund freud
Involves free association and dream analysis
Resistance
The patients conscious or unconscious attempt to block the process of revealing repressed memories and conflicts
Transference
When a patient unconsciously responds to therapist as though the therapist were a significant person in the patients life, often as a parent
Who developed and what is client centered therapy
Carl Rodgers
Stresses insight and self understanding
Therapist strives to stay neutral, non directive, genuine, and accepting
Psychotropic medications
Drugs that alter mental functions, alleviate psychological symptoms, and are used to treat mental disorders
Schizophrenia
Distorted beliefs perceptions, and thought processes, loss of grip on reality
Antipsychotic medication
do not cure schizophrenia. Early antipsychotic medication helped with the positive symptoms of schizophrenias but often resulted in tardive dyskinesia which are characterized by severe facial tics and other involuntary movements.
Antidepressants-
Antidepressants- Prozac, Zoloft, and Paxil are a class of antidepressants called select serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRI’s.
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) -
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) - used primarily as a treatment for major depression. A common side effect is temporary or permanent memory loss of events leading up to the ECT session.
Lithium
Mood stabilizers
Group therapy
Group Therapy- useful for clients to interact with others in a safe supportive environment. The therapist can see their clients interactions with others.
Cognitive Therapy-
developed by Aaron Beck-wanted to change past, present, future negative thoughts-based on his work with depressed clients. Cognitive Therapy (CT) is based on the idea that psychological problems are caused by irrational or illogical patterns of thinking.
Changing the way u think
Eclectic approach
Eclectic Approach- most therapists identify themselves as eclectic more than any other approach. Eclectic psychotherapists. Tailor their therapy approach to the problems of the person seeking help.
Does psychotherapy work
After 8 weeks 50% improvements
After 6 months 75% improvements
Aversive therapy
Used to create and unpleasant conditioned response to a harmful or unwanted stimulus.
Used for bedwetting, nail biting, bedwetting.
The drug Antabuse is used to create nausea and illness as an aversive therapy for alcohol addiction.
Aversive conditioning is not usually very effective in producing the desired results.
Systematic desensization
Systematic Desensization- Used to get over fears, phobias and anxieties.
First the therapist and client create an anxiety hierarchy with a list of specific scenes related to the fear from lowest anxiety provoking to the highest anxiety provoking.
Therapist learns progressive relaxation, relaxing entire body.
The patient develops a control scene that is relaxing such as lying on the beach.
Therapist and patient proceed up the anxiety hierarchy relaxing when anxiety is reached.
Systematic desensitization may be combined with observational learning.
Progressive relaxation
Relaxing whole body
