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STEM 11- EARTH SCIENCE > Q2_LESSON 1_ WATER RESOURCES > Flashcards

Q2_LESSON 1_ WATER RESOURCES Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of the Earth’s surface is covered by water?

A

71%

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2
Q

What percentage of the Earth’s water is in the oceans?

A

97.5%

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3
Q

Sources of water

  • Ocean: A vast body of saline water
  • Hydrologic process
A

Saltwater Reservoir

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4
Q

Sources of Water

Where is most of the Earth’s fresh water found?

A

Frozen in glaciers in Greenlandand
Ice sheets in Antarctica.

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5
Q

FRESH WATER RESERVOIR

  • Permanent
  • Recrystallized snow
A

Glaciers (68.7%)

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6
Q

FRESH WATER RESERVOIR

  • Unmelted snow covered by another layer
  • Accumulates and becomes compacted
  • Is influenced by global climate and hydrological cycle
A

Ice sheets

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7
Q

FRESH WATER RESERVOIR

  • Soil, rock, sediment that’s been frozen for more than 2 consecutive years
  • Thaws during summer and refreezes during winter
A

Permafrost (0.8%)

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8
Q

What is the global mechanism by which water moves from the air to the Earth and back?

A

Water cycle

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9
Q

What are the main components of the Earth’s water cycle?

A
  1. Precipitation
  2. Infiltration
  3. Runoff
  4. Groundwater discharge
  5. Evapotranspiration.
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10
Q

FRESH WATER RESERVOIR

  • Found in the rock and soil layers beneath the surface
  • Largest reservoir
  • 30.2%
A

Groundwater (30.1%)

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11
Q

Water stored in the soil, used by plants, and released into the air.

A

Green water

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12
Q

Water in runoff and drainage that recharges groundwater and streams.

A

Blue Water

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13
Q

What percentage of Earth’s freshwater that is neither frozen nor underground is found in the atmosphere?

A

10%

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14
Q

What is the prime source of drinking water, energy, and irrigation for people?

A

Surface Water

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15
Q

SURFACE WATER RESERVOIR

  • Moving body of water
  • Flows downslope towards sea level because of gravity
  • Defined passages called Channels
  • 1.6% surface and atmospheric water
A

Streams

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16
Q

SURFACE WATER RESERVOIR

  • Large inland bodies of fresh or saline water
  • Water colelcts in low area (deplession) and behind natural or man made dams
  • holds the largest amount of fresh water?
A

Lakes (67.4%)

17
Q
  • Water covers the surfcace for a significant period
A

Wetlands (8.5%)

18
Q

TYPES OF WETLAND RESERVOIR

Shallow wetland around lakes, streams and oceans

A

Marsh

19
Q

TYPES OF WETLAND RESERVOIR

  • Lush trees and vegetation
  • Slow moving rivers
  • Low lying
A

Swamps

20
Q

TYPES OF WETLAND RESERVOIR

  • Freshwater from streams meets saltwater from sea
A

Estuary

21
Q

SUMMARY

TYPES OF WATER SOURCES

A
  1. Saltwater Reservoirs
  2. Freshwater Reservoirs
  3. Surface Water Reservoirs
  4. Wetlands
22
Q

SUMMARY

FRESHWATER RESERVOIR

A
  1. Glaciers
  2. Ice Sheets
  3. Permafrost
  4. Ground Water
23
Q

SUMMARY

SURFACE WATER RESERVOIR

A
  1. Stream
  2. Lakes
24
Q
A
25
Q

SUMMARY

WETLANDS

A
  1. Marsh
  2. Swamp
  3. Estuary
26
Q

ACTIVITIES THAT AFFECT WATER QUALITY AND AVAILABILITY

Is a huge contributor to water pollution, from fertilizers used for row crops to the manure created by animals

A

Agriculture

27
Q

ACTIVITIES THAT AFFECT WATER QUALITY AND AVAILABILITY

  • Is another human activity that places considerable strain on drinking water
  • Fracking and coal mining
  • Uses a great deal of water
  • Their waste products can pollute groundwater, and therefore drinking water, as well.
A

Fossil Fuel Production

28
Q

ACTIVITIES THAT AFFECT WATER QUALITY AND AVAILABILITY

  • A technique where coal mining companies remove tops of mountains to reveal coal.
  • It can also degrade the drinking water of communities that live near the mining sites.
A

Mountain Top Removal Mining

29
Q

ACTIVITIES THAT AFFECT WATER QUALITY AND AVAILABILITY

  • Drinking water might have a drug problem.
  • Health providers as well as livestock producers use millions of pounds of pharmaceutical drugs each year
  • Some of those are ending up in treated drinking water.
A

Pharmaceuticals

30
Q

ACTIVITIES THAT AFFECT WATER QUALITY AND AVAILABILITY

  • Changing of land from rural to urban.
  • Considering the degradation of drinking water in some places, like in Asia,
  • Population density in key watersheds has expanded rapidly since the beginning of the
    20th century.
A

Development and Land use changes

STEM 11- EARTH SCIENCE (12 decks)

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