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STEM 11- EARTH SCIENCE > LESSON 3_ ROCK FORMING MATERIALS > Flashcards

LESSON 3_ ROCK FORMING MATERIALS Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

is inorganic substance that are made up of one or a number of chemical elements with a definite chemical composition. It is also not man made

A

Minerals

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2
Q

Physical Properties of Minerals

A
  1. Color
  2. Hardness
  3. Luster
  4. Streak
  5. Specific Gravity
  6. Fracture
  7. Cleavage
  8. Crystal form
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3
Q

Refers to how light is reflected from the surface of a mineral.

A

Luster

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4
Q

Luster: Shiny, Sparkling

A

Metallic

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5
Q

Luster: Dull, Greasy, Vitreous, Glassy

A

Non- Metallic

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6
Q

The ability of mineral to resist scratching.

A

Hardness

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7
Q

A German mineralogist who developed a hardness scale over 100 years ago.

A

Friedrich Mohs

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8
Q

Measures the scratch resistance of various minerals from a scale of 1 to 10, based on the ability of a harder material/mineral to scratch a softer one.

A

Mohs Scale

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9
Q

Mohs Relative Hardness Scale: It flakes easily when scratched by a nail

A

1

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10
Q

Example of Mohs Relative Hardness Scale 1

A

Talc/ Talcum powder

Softest known material

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11
Q

Mohs Relative Hardness Scale: A fingernail can easily scratch it

A

2

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12
Q

Example of Mohs Relative Hardness Scale 2

A

Gypsum

Ingredient of Plaster

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13
Q

Mohs Relative Hardness Scale: A fingernail cannot scratch it, but a Copper penny can

A

3

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14
Q

Example of Mohs Relative Hardness Scale 3

A

Calcite

FOund in Cement

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15
Q

Mohs Relative Hardness: A steel nail can easily stratch it

A

4

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16
Q

Example of Mohs Relative Hardness Scale 4

A

Fluorite

Found in toothpastes

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17
Q

Mohs Relative Hardness Scale: A steel nail can scratch it

A

5

18
Q

Example of Mohs Relative Hardness Scale 5

A

Apatite

Mineral found in our bones

19
Q

Mohs Relative Hardness: Cannot be scratched by a steel nail but it can scratch glass

A

6

20
Q

Example of Mohs Relative Hardness Scale 6

A

Feldspar

Ingredient in Glass

21
Q

Mohs Relative Hardness Scale: Can scratch steel and glass easily

A

7

22
Q

Example of Mohs Relative Hardness Scale 7

A

Quartz

Used in Glass

23
Q

Relative Hardness Scale: Can scratch quartz

A

8

24
Q

Example of Mohs Relative Hardness Scale 8

A

Topaz

Gemstone

25
Q

Mohs Relative Hardness Scale: Can scratch Topaz

A

9

26
Q

Example of Mohs Relative Hardness Scale 9

A

Corundum

Rubies and Sapphires

27
Q

Mohs Relative Hardness Scale: Can scratch all the other minerals

A

10

28
Q

Example of Mohs Relative Hardness Scale 10

A

Diamond

Hardest known mineral

29
Q

Refers to the characteristic shape of a mineral unit which are visible (either an individual crystal or a group of crystal).

A

Crystal form habit

30
Q
  • Visual appearance of the mineral
  • Least useful property in identifying minerals (Minerals could have similar color and some could be altered by impurities)
A

Color

31
Q
  • Is the mineral’s color in powdered form. It can be useful for identifying metallic and Earthy minerals.
  • Non-metallic minerals usually give a white streak because are very light- colored.
  • Other minerals may have distinctive streaks. Ex: Hematite, always gives a reddish-brown streak no matter what type of luster
A

Streak

32
Q
  • It is the ability of a mineral to break along preferred planes.
  • The number of ________ planes in a mineral may also aid its identification.
  • Typically occurs in either one, two, three, four or six dimensions.
  • The tendency of a Mineral to break evenly along its weakest
    plane.     (Smoothly/ evenly)
A

Cleavage

33
Q

The tendency of a mineral to break unevenly/ irregularly

A

Fracture

34
Q
  • Is the “heaviness” of a mineral.
  • The ratio of the density of the mineral to the density of water (1g/cm cubed)

Density= Mass/ Volume

A

Specific Gravity

35
Q

Special Property

Produces a chemical reaction when a drop of weak acid is placed on fizzes (produces bubbles)

Example: Calcite

A

Fluoresence

36
Q

How to identify the volume of an irregularly shaped mineral?

A

Water displacement

How much it elevates

37
Q

Special Property

When a mineral is magnetic

Example: Magnetite

A

Magnetism

38
Q

Special Property

Having distinct taste

Example: Halite (Salty)

A

Taste

39
Q

Special Property

Having a distinctive smell

Example: Sulfur

A

Odor

40
Q

Special Property

A

STEM 11- EARTH SCIENCE (8 decks)

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