Q2 W6

Question 1

learning the background of your intended
audience.

Answer 1

CONDUCTING AN AUDIENCE ANALYSIS

Question 2

the main reason why you wrote the speech

Answer 2

DETERMINING THE PURPOSE OF THE SPEECH

Question 3

relevance, timeliness are some factors to consider when choosing
a topic.

Answer 3

SELECTING A TOPIC

Question 4

making the topic more specific or clearly stated

Answer 4

NARROWING DOWN A TOPIC

Question 5

the use of survey, interview, observation and research for information
needed in the topic.

Answer 5

GATHERING DATA

Question 6

the development of your ideas, one may use cause and effect,
problem solution, evidence, theories and more patterns.

Answer 6

WRITING PATTERNS

Question 7

allows a writer to categorize the main points, to organize the paragraphs.

Answer 7

OUTLINING

Question 8

study of the pertinent elements defining the makeup and characteristics of an audience.

Answer 8

AUDIENCE ANALYSIS

Question 9

One or more people within hearing range of some message; for example, a group of people
listening to a performance or speech; the crowd attending a stage performance.

Answer 9

AUDIENCE

Question 10

—their general age, gender, education level, religion, language, culture, and
group membership—is the single most important aspect of developing your speech.

Answer 10

KNOWING YOUR AUDIENCE

Question 11

will help you discover information that you can use to build common
ground between you and the members of your audience.

Answer 11

ANALYZING YOUR AUDIENCE

Question 12

can be classified into three—to inform, to
entertain, or to persuade.

Answer 12

PURPOSE OF THE SPEECH

Question 13

focal point of your speech, which can be determined once you have decided
on your purpose.

Answer 13

TOPIC

Question 14

making your main idea more specific and focused.

Answer 14

NARROWING DOWN A TOPIC

Question 15

❖ a blueprint for your presentation.
❖ It highlights the key logical elements. i.e. what points are being made to logically support
the core message?

❖ It highlights the key structural elements. e.g. introduction, body, conclusion, stories, high-
level concepts

❖ It links these elements together in a sequence, perhaps allocating very rough timings.
❖ It can also map out the transitions between elements, although this may be deferred to a
later stage of preparation.

Answer 15

OUTLINE

Question 16

product of proper outlining.

Answer 16

OUTSTANDING SPEECH

Question 17

TWO SYSTEMS OF OUTLINING

Answer 17

ALPHANUMERIC SYSTEM (NUMBER-LETTER)
DECIMAL SYSTEM

Question 18

makes
use of Roman and Hindu-Arabic numbers as well as uppercase and lowercase letters.

Answer 18

ALPHANUMERIC SYSTEM

Question 19

makes use of symbols that look like “decimal” numbers.

Answer 19

DECIMAL SYSTEM

Question 20

arranges your ideas hierarchically (showing which are main and which are sub-
points), in the sequence you want, and shows what you will talk about. As the name implies, it

identifies all the little mini topics that your paper will comprise, and shows how they relate.

Answer 20

TOPIC OUTLINE

Question 21

it shows exactly what you will say about each mini -topic.
Each sentence, instead of simply identifying a mini-topic, is like a mini-thesis statement about that
mini-topic. It expresses the specific and complete idea that that section of the paper will cover as
part of proving the overall thesis.

Answer 21

SENTENCE OUTLINE

Question 22

allows a writer to categorize the main points, to organize the paragraphs into an
order that makes sense, and to make sure that each paragraph/idea can be fully developed.

helps prevent a writer from getting stuck when performing the actual
writing of the essay.

Answer 22

OUTLINE

Question 23

-is the stage where you collect ideas, information, sources,
and references relevant or related to your specific topic. This can be done by visiting the
library, browsing the web, observing a certain phenomenon or event related to your topic,
or conducting an interview or survey. The data that you will gather will be very useful in
making your speech informative, entertaining, or persuasive.

Answer 23

DATA COLLECTION/GATHERING

Question 24

structures that will help you organize the ideas related
to your topic. Examples are biographical, categorical/topical, causal, chronological,
comparison/contrast, problem-solution, and spatial.

Answer 24

WRITING PATTERNS

Question 25

DATA COLLECTION METHODS (6)

Answer 25

READING
EXPERIMENTATION
OBSERVATION
INTERVIEWING
CONVERSATION/CHAT
INTERNET SURFING

Question 26

Books and periodicals are considered secondary sources of information, yet they are
always valuable sources of information especially for someone doing a speech. Informative
speeches, as well as persuasive speeches, for example, debate materials, are almost always
products of reading all forms of printed materials from books to periodicals to unpublished
theses and dissertations and documents.

Answer 26

READING

Question 27

When independent and dependent variables involved in the study, the most
likely approach to use experimental method. An experiment is conducted to show cause-and -
effect relationship between items. Specialists in the natural and social science have been using
this method through the years. At times during for at times during fora, lectures researchers
inform the public about the results of their experiments.

Answer 27

EXPERIMENTATION

Question 28

Merely looking closely at surrounding things is a means to gather data. In fact,
Galileo discovered gravity by simply observing two objects fall from the Leaning tower of Pisa.
In the Same manner, Archimedes discovered buoyancy by observing objects float and sink in

water. An oral reporter can describe the items exhibited in the Museum, for example, the world-
renowned “Spoliarium” of Juan Luna his report.

Answer 28

OBSERVATION

Question 29

observer takes part in the activities of the observed

Answer 29

PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

Question 30

observer does not take part in the activities of the observed

Answer 30

NON-PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

Question 31

in which the interviewer
personally and directly asks questions of the interviewee;

Answer 31

personal (direct/in-person/tete-a-tete/face to-face) interview,

Question 32

in which the
interviewer sends the interview questionnaire through mail to the interviewee who in turn
answers and returns it to the former;

Answer 32

mail (letter) interview,

Question 33

in which the interviewer
asks questions through the telephone o the interviewee, who in turn answers the same
questions.

Answer 33

telephone (phone interview,

Question 34

unstructured way of gathering data. The data- elicits information from the conversation
between him and the o or parties. At times, he gathers more information from the other party
an interviewer does because some people find more comfort in talking about things during a
chat or conversation than during an into talking in View.

Answer 34

CONVERSATION/CHAT

Question 35

In as much as online sources are plenty of today s generation (computer
generation) and professional are more home with surfing the net than with any other method.

Answer 35

INTERNET SURFING

Question 36

The narrative paragraph tells a part of a story in the first person. It shows a
sequence of events connected by transition words like then, suddenly, finally, momentarily,
and the next day. Also, action verbs like was walking, ran, and fell are used to indicate
movement.

Answer 36

NARRATION

Question 37

-gives information of what a person, an object, a place, or a situation is like. It
appeals to the reader’s senses; it makes the reader see, hear, taste, smell, or feel the subject.

Answer 37

DESCRIPTION

Question 38

-explains a concept, term, or subject. Its main purpose is to tell what something is.

Answer 38

DEFINITION

Question 39

THREE PARTS OF DEFINITION

Answer 39

(1) the term, concept, or subject to be defined; (2) the general class to which it belongs, and (3) the characteristics that differentiate it from the other members of its class.

Question 40

Comparison- To compare persons, things, places, events, situations, or ideas is to show how
they are alike. You need to identify the points of comparison and make a list of similar
characteristics or qualities for each point of comparison. signal similarities: Signal words for
similarities: Also, like, both, as… as, similarly, in the same way, equally important, likewise.

Answer 40

COMPARISON

Question 41

-To contrast persons, things, places, events, situations, or ideas is to show how they
are different. To do so, you need to make a list of the characteristics or qualities of the subjects
and then identify the differences between them. The following are some words that signal
contrast: but, however, though, on the other hand, in contrast.

Answer 41

CONTRAST

Question 42

shows, proves, or explains a general idea or point by using examples.

Answer 42

EXEMPLIFICATION

Question 43

refers to sorting or arranging subjects into groups or categories according to
their common or shared characteristic.

Answer 43

CLASSIFICATION

Question 44

A cause is simply “why something happens,” and an effect is “what
happens.”The following words can be used to signal cause and effect: as a result, accordingly,
because of (this), due to (this), consequently, hence/therefore/thus.

Answer 44

CAUSE-AND-EFFECT

Question 45

The cause, which can be an event or action, can be stated right at the
beginning of a paragraph, followed by sentences stating the effects. This type of
organization is best for explaining a single cause with different effects.

Answer 45

CAUSE TO EFFECT

Question 46

The effect can be stated at the beginning of the text, followed by
sentences and paragraphs that expound on the causes. This type of organization is best
for presenting a single effect with different causes.

Answer 46

EFFECT TO CAUSE

Question 47

is used to deal with topics that pose problems and present solutions in a
logical manner.

Answer 47

PROBLEM-SOLUTION

Question 48

-in general is an unsatisfactory situation that causes troubles or difficulties.

Answer 48

PROBLEM

Question 49

a way to deal with the situation so that the troubles or difficulties are
removed.

Answer 49

SOLUTION