Q2 W2 Flashcards
refers to the situation or environment and the circumstances in which communication occurs
speech context
the surroundings, circumstances, environment, background, or settings that
determine, specify, or clarify the meaning of an event or other occurrence.
context
the perception of environmental elements concerning time and space,
the comprehension of their meaning, and the projection of their status after some variable have
changed, such as time, or some other variable, such as a predetermined event.
situational awareness
refers to the reason why you’re speaking. Think of a situational context
as the event itself.
situational context
refers to the physical space and time in which you speak. Think of
the environmental context as the time and venue of the event.
environmental context
communication centers on one person where the speakers act both as the sender
and the receiver.
intrapersonal
- A type of communication between and among people and establishes personal
relationship According to Solomon and Theiss, 2013:
interpersonal
highlights how interpersonal communication connects people.
inter
unique qualities as a personal matter during interpersonal communication
personal
Occurs between two people
dyad communication
Involves at least three but not more than twelve people engaging in a face to face
interaction to achieve the desired goal.
small group
Type of communication requires you to deliver or send the message before or in front of a
group.
public
Takes place through television, radio, newspapers, magazines, books,
billboards, internet, and other types of media.
mass communication
According to Joos (1968), there are five speech styles.
intimate
casual
consultative
formal
frozen
This type is used in talks between two very close individuals. It is described by an economy
of words, with a high chance of nonverbal communication. Like casual, there is also free and easy
participation of both speaker and listener.
intimate
Also known as informal style, it is usually used between, friends, or even insiders who have
things to share. In this type, there is free and easy participation of both speaker and listener. This
style is common among peers and friends. Jargon, slang, or the vernacular language are used.
casual
is the specialized terminology associated with a particular field or area of
activity. Jargon is normally employed in a particular communicative context and may not be well
understood outside that context.
jargon
a type of language that consists of words and phrases that are regarded as very
informal, are more common in speech than writing, and are typically restricted to a particular context or
group of people.
slang
This style is the standard one. Professional or mutually acceptable language is a must
in this style. Examples of situations are communication between teachers and students, employers
and employees, doctor and patient, judge and lawyer, or President and his/her constituents.
consultative
This style is used in formal settings. Unlike the consultative style, this is one- way. Examples
are sermons by priests and ministers, State of the Nation Address of the President, formal speeches,
or pronouncements by judges.
formal
This style remains unchanged. It mostly occurs in ceremonies.
Common examples are the Preamble to the Constitution, Lord’s Prayer, and Allegiance to country or
flag.
frozen
is defined as the way a speaker uses language differently in different
circumstances.
speech style
variations in formality, also called stylistic variation, are known as
registers
determines register
a social occasion,
context, purpose, and audience.
is an utterance that a speaker makes to achieve an intended effect. Some of the
functions which carry out using speech acts are offering an apology, greeting, request, complaint,
invitation, compliment, or refusal.
speech act
is the social function of what is said or the manner of saying words to
convey a meaning.
illocutionary act
a type of illocutionary act in which the speaker expresses belief about the truth of a proposition.
Some examples of an assertive act are suggesting, putting forward, swearing, boasting, and
concluding.
assertive
a type of illocutionary act in which the speaker tries to make the addressee perform an action.
Some examples are asking, ordering, requesting, inviting, advising, and begging.
directive
a type of illocutionary act which commits the speaker to doing something in the future. Examples are promising, planning, vowing, and betting
commissive
a type of illocutionary act in which the speaker expresses his/her feelings or emotional reactions.
Some examples are thanking, apologizing, welcoming, and deploring.
expressive
a type of illocutionary act which simply put, declarations bring into existence or cause the state
of affairs which they refer to. Some examples are blessing, firing, baptizing, bidding,
passing a sentence, and excommunicating.
declaration
essential for a speaker to
be able to use and understand speech acts.
communicative competence
When you employ this strategy, you try to open
a topic with the people you are talking to. It
efficiently signals the beginning of a new topic
in the conversation.
nomination
Pertains to the process by which people decides
who takes the conversational floor. Primarily,
the idea is to give all communicators a chance
to speak
turn-taking
Refers to any limitation you may have as a
speaker. In some cases of communication,
some instructions must be followed. Those
instructions confine you as a speaker and limit
what you can say.
restriction
Covers how procedural formality or informality
affects the development of the topic in conversations. For example, in meetings, you
may only have a turn to speak after the
chairperson directs you to do so.
topic control
Involves moving from one topic to another. It is
where one part of a conversation ends and
where another begins.
topic shifting
Refers to how the speaker addresses the
problems in speaking, listening and
comprehending that they may encounter in a
conversation.
repair
Refers to the conversation participants’ close
initiating expressions that end a topic in a
conversation
termination
forges and maintains connections, allowing communicative
efficiency.
communicative strategy
