Q2 Photosynthesis Flashcards
Chemical formula of photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H20 ⤳ C6H12O6 + 6O2
Where does light reaction occur?
Thylakoid Membrane
Where does Calvin Cycle occur?
Stroma
A part of the chemical formula of photosynthesis:
Split during the light reactions to replace electrons lost from Photosystem II
6H20
A part of the chemical formula of photosynthesis:
Provides the carbon to produce organic compounds during the Calvin Cycle
6CO2
A part of the chemical formula of photosynthesis:
Produced as a byproduct of the splitting of water during the light reactions
6O2
A part of the chemical formula of photosynthesis:
The organic compound ultimately produced during the Calvin Cycle
C6H12O6
2 Phases of Photosynthesis
1.) The Light Reactions (or Light-Dependent Reactions)
2.) The Calvin Cycle (or Calvin-Benson Cycle or Dark Reactions or Light-Independent Reactions)
Which Phase of Photosynthesis is this?
Capture the energy in sunlight and convert it to chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH using photosystems, electron transport chains and chemiosmosis.
The Light Reaction Phase
Names of the protein chain/electron chain
____________ - Pq
____________ - Cyt
____________ - Pc
____________ – Fd
1.) Plastoquinone
2.) Cytochrome complex
3.) Plastocyanin
4.) Ferredoxin
Stages of Light Reaction
1. L______________
2. O______________
3. E______________
4. C______________
- Light absorption
- Oxygen production
- Electron transport
- Chemiosmotic ATP synthesis
Stage of Light Reaction
A process by which light is absorbed by chlorophyll that will excite its electrons.
Light absorption
Stage of Light Reaction
When water is split oxygen ,H ion, and electrons will be produced.
Oxygen production
Stage of Light Reaction
The movement of excited electrons through a series of proteins/chains to build a proton/ H ion gradient.
Electron transport
Stage of Light Reaction
The process that produces ATP by enzyme ATP synthase because of the difference in the electrochemical gradient across the thylakoid membrane.
Chemiosmosis
Which Phase of Photosynthesis is this?
A process wherein chemical energy (from the light reactions – ATP and NADPH) and CO2 (from the atmosphere) are used to produce organic compounds (like glucose).
Calvin cycle
Phases of Calvin Cycle
1. C___________
2. R___________
3. R___________
- Carbon Fixation
- Reduction
- Regeneration of RuBP
Which phase of the Calvin Cycle is being tackled below?
This is the process of assimilating carbon from a non-organic compound (CO2) and incorporating it into an organic compound (carbohydrates).
Carbon Fixation
In Carbon Fixation, ____________ (from the atmosphere) are joined to ___________ (a 5-carbon sugar) by Rubisco (an enzyme also known as RuBP carboxylase)
1.) 3 molecules of CO2
2.) 3 molecules of RuBP
In Carbon Fixation…
CO2 ➜ RuBP⤳___________
(Rubisco is the bold arrow)
3-PGA
In Carbon Fixation…
6 ATP ➜ _______
and there will be _____ carbon
1.) 6 ADP
2.) 18 Carbon
Which phase of Calvin cycle is this?
In this phase the 3-PGA molecules created through carbon fixation are converted into molecules of simple sugar – glucose.
Reduction
First step of reduction in Calvin cycle
- The 6-carbon molecules are _________ by ________.
- The 6-carbon molecules are reduced by gaining electrons from NADPH.
The second step of reduction in the Calvin cycle
- Molecular _________ with the use of ATP. The three 6-c_______ molecules will ________, forming ____________.
- Molecular rearranging with the use of ATP. The three 6-carbon molecules will split in half, forming six 3-carbon molecules.
The third step of reduction in the Calvin cycle
- One of these “extra” 3-carbon G3P/PGAL molecules will ______ the cycle and be used to form ____________
- One of these “extra” 3-carbon G3P/PGAL molecules will exit the cycle and be used to form ½ a glucose molecule.
Once the Calvin Cycle “turns” twice (well, actually 6 times), those 2 m_______________ (a 3-carbon carbohydrate) will combine to form 1 molecule of ___________ (a 6-carbon carbohydrate molecule) OR another organic compound.
Once the Calvin Cycle “turns” twice (well, actually 6 times), those 2 molecules of G3P (a 3-carbon carbohydrate) will combine to form 1 molecule of glucose (a 6-carbon carbohydrate molecule) OR another organic compound.
Which phase of Calvin cycle is this?
The remaining 5 G3P molecules (3-carbons each!) get rearranged (using ATP) to form 3 RuBP molecules (5-carbons each).
Regeneration of RuBP
In calvin cycle,
REACTANTS: C________, A________, and N________
PRODUCTS: G________ and G________
REACTANTS: Carbon dioxide, ATP, and NADPH
PRODUCTS: Glucose and G3P
In Light Reaction,
REACTANTS: S______
PRODUCTS: A______, N______, O______
REACTANTS: Solar Energy (photons)
PRODUCTS: ATP, NADPH, Oxygen
