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Biology > Q2 Aerobic & Anaerobic Respiration > Flashcards

Q2 Aerobic & Anaerobic Respiration Flashcards

1
Q

The sum of the chemical reactions that take place within each cell of a living organism and that provide energy for vital processes and for synthesizing new organic material.

A

METABOLISM

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2
Q

2 TYPES OF METABOLISM

A

Catabolism, Anabolism

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3
Q

Type of metabolism that Breaks down bigger molecules to smaller molecules

A

Catabolism

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4
Q

Type of metabolism that makes and releases energy

A

Catabolism

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5
Q

Type of metabolism wherein potential energy is converted into kinetic.

A

Catabolism

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6
Q

Type of metabolism that is Required in order to perform different activities in living entities.

A

Catabolism

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7
Q

Type of metabolism that
Constructs smaller molecules into bigger molecules

A

Anabolism

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8
Q

Type of metabolism that Uses energy

A

Anabolism

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9
Q

Type of metabolism wherein Kinetic energy is converted into potential energy

A

Anabolism

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10
Q

Type of metabolism that is required for maintenance, growth, and storage.

A

Anabolism

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11
Q
  • When a molecule loses an electron
  • NADH to NAD+
A

OXIDATION

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12
Q
  • When a molecule gain an electron
  • NAD+ and NADH
A

REDUCTION

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13
Q

The physical and chemical processes (such as breathing and diffusion) by which an organism supplies its cells and tissues with the oxygen needed for metabolism and relieves them of the carbon dioxide formed in energy-producing reactions.

A

RESPIRATION

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14
Q

3 STEPS OF RESPIRATION

A
  1. External respiration
  2. Internal respiration
  3. Cellular respiration
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15
Q

Step of respiration wherein it is between the environment and lungs

A

External respiration

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16
Q

Step of respiration wherein it is between the blood and cell

A

Internal respiration

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17
Q

Step of respiration that involves the conversion of food to energy.

A

Cellular respiration

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18
Q

Chemical reaction which breakdown nutrients to release energy

Organisms breakdown glucose from food to create energy, known as adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

A

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

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19
Q

It occurs inside the living cells of all types of organisms (from prokaryotic bacteria and Achaeans to eukaryotic protests, fungi, plants, and animals) to carry out various vital activities like muscle contraction, nerve transmission, cell division, etc.

A

CELLULAR RESPIRATION

20
Q

SIGNIFICANCE OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION?

A

Muscle contractions require energy to work.

Muscle cells can only store 6 to 10 seconds muscular contraction worth of ATP

To provide the muscle more energy the process of cellular respiration must simultaneously happen.

21
Q

2 TYPES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION

A
  1. Aerobic Respiration
  2. Anaerobic Respiration
22
Q

Aerobic Respiration (verbal formula)

A

Glucose + oxygen ➜ CO2 + Water + Energy

23
Q

Anaerobic Respiration (verbal formula) Animal

A

Glucose → Lactic Acid + Energy

24
Q

Anaerobic Respiration (verbal formula) Bacteria, Plants, and Yeasts

A

Glucose → ethanol + carbon dioxide + Energy

25
Q

Aerobic Respiration (chemical formula)

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

26
Q

Anaerobic Respiration (chemical formula) Animal

A

C6H12O6 → 2C3H6O3 + ATP

27
Q

Anaerobic Respiration (chemical formula) Bacteria, Plants, and Yeasts

A

C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + ATP

28
Q

2 types of Anaerobic Respiration

A
  1. Lactic Acid Fermentation
  2. Ethanol Fermentation
29
Q

Which type of Anaerobic Respiration is this?

Breakdowns glucose to produce ATP without the use of oxygen.

A

Lactic Acid Fermentation

30
Q

What are the 2 STEPS OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION

Glucose → Lactic Acid + Energy

A
  1. Glycolysis
  2. Fermentation
31
Q

Glycolysis

Glucose is __________ by _______, ___________, and ________

Location: __________

A

Glucose is broken down by ATP, NAD+, and Enzymes (E)

Location: Cytoplasm in the cytosol

32
Q

Stages of glycolysis

  1. 2 ATP and enzymes_____________
  2. Enzymes add free_____________
  3. Re_____________
  4. Formation of _____________
A
  1. 2 ATP and enzymes breakdown glucose to form glyceraldehyde -3- phosphate (PGAL)
  2. Enzymes add free P to form 1,3 biphosphoglycerate
  3. Reduction/ Formation of 2 NADH
  4. Formation of 4 ATP
33
Q

END OF GLYCOLYSIS WE HAVE:

A
  1. 2 pyruvate (C3H4O3)
  2. 2 NADH
  3. 4 ATP (Net gain of 2 ATP)
34
Q

STEP 2 OF ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION: ______________

Occurs when cells do not have enough ______________. Makes sure that______________

LOCATION: ______________

A

STEP 2: FERMENTATION

Occurs when cells do not have enough oxygen. Makes sure that glycolysis will continue.

LOCATION: Cytoplasm in the cytosol

35
Q

STAGES OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION

A
  1. Formation of Lactic Acid
  2. Regeneration of NAD+
36
Q

END OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION WE HAVE:

A
  1. 2 lactic acid C3H6O3
  2. 4 ATP (net gain of 2)
  3. 2 NAD+
37
Q

USES OF LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION

  1. Provide immediate e_________
  2. Used in making s_________
  3. Used in p_________
  4. Used in making y_________
A
  1. Provide immediate energy during strenuous exercises
  2. Used in making sourdough bread
  3. Use in preserving cucumbers to make pickles
  4. Used in making yogurt
38
Q

ETHANOL FERMENTATION
Chemical Formula

A

C6H12O6 → 2 C2H5OH + 2 CO2 + ATP

39
Q

ETHANOL FERMENTATION
Verbal Formula

A

Glucose → Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide + ATP

40
Q

ETHANOL FERMENTATION
- Occurs in y__________
- Location: C_______

A
  • Occurs in yeasts and some plants
  • Location: Cytosol
41
Q

STEPS OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION

A
  1. Glycolysis
  2. Fermentation
42
Q

STAGES OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION

A
  1. Breaking down of pyruvate by an enzyme to produce CO2
  2. Regeneration of 2 NAD+
43
Q

END OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION WE HAVE

A
  1. 2 CO2
  2. 2 C2H5OH
  3. 4 ATP (net gain of 2 ATP)
  4. 2 NAD+
44
Q

Why is ethanol fermentation important?

A

Because it regenerates NAD+ which is needed to start glycolysis again

45
Q

USES OF ETHANOL FERMENTATION

  1. Used in making _________ (CO2 _________ , e _________ _________ during baking)
  2. Used in making _________ and _________
A
  1. Used in making most bread (CO2 forms bubbles that make bread fluffy, ethanol evaporates during baking)
  2. Used in making wine and beer
46
Q

SUMMARY OF ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

Process do/don’t require_____________

Breaks down _____________

Happens in the _____________

2 types: _____________

Lactic acid fermentation happens when animals _____________

Ethanol fermentation happens in some _____________

A

Process do not require energy.

Breaks down glucose to produce 2 ATP.

Happens in the cytosol of the cytoplasm.

2 types lactic acid fermentation and ethanol fermentation

Lactic acid fermentation happens when animals lack oxygen during strenuous activity

Ethanol fermentation happens in some bacteria, yeast and plants

47
Q

SUMMARY OF ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION

Lactic acid fermentation produces __________________

Lactic acid will __________________

Ethanol fermentation produces __________________

A

Lactic acid fermentation produces a waste product called lactic acid that causes muscle fatigue/ cramps

Lactic acid will disappear when you breath in oxygen.

Ethanol fermentation produces CO2 and ethanol which is use in making bread, wine and beer.

Biology (12 decks)

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