q&a carbohydrate Flashcards
Which of the following substances is
released from neurons in the GI tract and
produces smooth muscle relaxation?
Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
Which of the following is the site of
sec r e t i o n
o f
i n t r i n s i c f a c t o r
Gastric fundus
Vibrio cholerae causes diarrhea because it
increases Cl– secretory channels in crypt
cells
Cholecystokinin (CCK) has some
gastrin- like properties because both
C C K
and gastrin
have five identical C-terminal amino
acids
Which of the following is transported in
intestinal epithelial cells by a Na+-dependent
cotransport process?
Alanine
A 49-year-old male patient with severe
Crohn’s disease has been unresponsive to drug therapy and undergoes ileal resection.
After the surgery, he will have steatorrhea
because
micelles do not form in the intestinal
lumen
Cholecystokinin (CCK) inhibits
gastric emptying
Which of the following abolishes “receptive relaxation” of the stomach?
Vagotomy
Secretion of which of the following
substances is inhibited b y low p H
Gastrin
Which of the following is the site of
secretion of gastrin?
Gastric antrum
Micelle formation is necessary for the
intestinal absorption of
vitamin D
Which of the following changes occurs
during defecation?
Internal anal sphincter is relaxed
Which of the following is characteristic
of saliva?
Hypotonicity relative to plasma
Which of the following substances is
secreted in response to an oral glucose
load?
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic
p e p t i d e ( G I P
Which of the following is true about the
secretion from the exocrine pancreas?
Pancreatic enzyme secretion is
increased by cholecystokinin (CCK)
Which of the following substances must
be further digested before it can be
absorbed by specific carriers in intestinal
cells?
Sucrose
Slow waves in small intestinal smooth
muscle cells are
oscillating resting membrane potentials
Slow waves in small intestinal smooth
muscle cells are
involves contraction of smooth muscle
behind the food bolus and relaxation of
smooth muscle in front of the bolus
A patient with a duodenal ulcer is treated successfully with the drug cimetidine. The basis for cimetidine’s inhibition of gastric
H+ secretion is that it
blocks H2 receptors on parietal cells
Which of the following substances
inhibits gastric emptying?
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
When parietal cells are stimulated, they
secrete
HCl and intrinsic factor
A patient with Zollinger–Ellison syn
drome would be expected to have which of the following changes?
Peptic ulcer disease
Which of the following is the site of
Na+–bile acid cotransport?
Ileum
A 46-year-old woman has hirsutism,
hyperglycemia, obesity, muscle wasting, and
increased circulating levels of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). The most likely
cause of her symptoms is
primary overproduction of ACTH
(Cushing’s disease)
Blood levels of which of the following
substances is decreased in Graves’ disease?
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Which of the following hormones acts by
an inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)–Ca2+
mechanism of action?
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
(GnRH)
A 39-year-old man with untreated dia
betes mellitus type I is brought to the emer
gency room. An injection of insulin would
be expected to cause an increase in his
blood pH
Which of the following pancreatic secre
tions has a receptor with four subunits, two
of which have tyrosine kinase activity?
Insulin
A 43-year-old man eats a meal consisting of 40 percent
protein, 10 percent fat, and 50 percent carbohydrate.
Thirty minutes later the man feels the urge to defecate.
Which reflex results in the urge to defecate when the
duodenum is stretched?
