Q & A Anatomy Flashcards
What kind of epithelium does the female urethra contain?
Distal part of female urethra composed of stratified squamous epithelium and in some areas stratified columnar epithelium.
Proximal part of female urethra is composed of transitional epithelium
How can the length of ischium be used to describe which gender the bone is from?
Male pubic bone is shorter than ischial bone.
Female pubic bone is longer than the ischium
The pelvic inlet is transversely wider in the android pelvis than in the gynecoid pelvis: True or False?
False; pelvic inlet in gynecoid pelvis is transversely wider by 2 cm (on average)
Acetabulum is facing more anterolaterally in male and more laterally in female: True or False?
False; in females the acetabulum faces more anterolaterally
Where is pain referred to in ureteric stone?
Genital area
What is the visceral afferent reflex?
Peripheral sensory neuron is located in dorsal root ganglion where the sympathetic fibers move and so visceral afferents synapse with the same interneurons causing pain to be felt in the same location as the somatic nerves.
The visceral afferent does not travel in the same nerve as the sympathetic nerve but instead travels with the somatic preganglionic nerves.
Dorsal horn has cell body of interneuron which synapses with sensory neuron after passing through dorsal root ganglion. Ventral horn has somatic motor neuron
Nerve from ureter has both somatic sensation from skin and visceral sensation from ureter and will synapse at dorsal root ganglion and will send peripheral process and synapse with interneuron which will send fibers to sympathetic preganglionic neurons of the same level which will send nerve impulse which will synapse in post ganglionic or collateral ganglion which sends nerve impulse to the viscera.
Do visceral afferent fibers travel in the same nerve as the sympathetic nerves?
No they end in the same spinal segment as somatic sensory fibers causing referred pain they go to the same nerve root.
How does pain get felt in the superior part of the urinary bladder?
Any structure above or in contact with inferior peritoneal layer of abdomen will be above pelvic pain line. Superior part of the urinary bladder will follow sympathetic nerve fibers
In what direction is the male pelvic inlet wider than the female pelvic inlet?
The anteroposterior direction
What type of peritoneum is the broad ligament made up from?
2 layers of visceral peritoneum
Where do renal arteries arise from?
Abdominal aorta at L1 and L2
Which renal artery is longer?
Right because of the IVC location between aorta and right kidney
What are renal arteries known as?
End arteries (true end arteries) (spleen also has functional end arteries)
Which areteries are functional end arteries?
The heart’s coronary arteries.
What is the blood supply of the ureter in the abdominal part?
Renal, gonadal, and suprarenal vessels as well as vessels from posterior abdominal wall.
