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IMED3002 > Anatomy of the pelvis > Flashcards

Anatomy of the pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 bones make up the pelvis?

A

Sacrum

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

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2
Q

Where are the 2 coxal hip bones joined?

A

Pubic symphysis anteriorly

SI joint posteriorly

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3
Q

What 3 bones unite to form the acetabulum?

A

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

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4
Q

What important structures/landmarks does the ilium contain?

A

Ala of ilium

4 iliac spines: posterior superior and inferior
Anterior superior and inferior

Greater sciatic notch

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5
Q

What important structures/landmarks does the ischium contain?

A

The ischial spines

Ischial tuberosity

Lesser sciatic notch

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6
Q

What are the components of the pubis?

A

Pubic symphysis

Pubic tubercle

Pubic crest

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7
Q

What 2 structures of the anterior pelvis are on the same plane?

A

anterior superior iliac spine is on the same plane as the pubic tubercle

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8
Q

What is the difference between the greater and lesser pelvis?

A

Greater pelvis is above pelvic inlet and lesser pelvis is inside pelvic inlet

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9
Q

What is another name for the greater pelvis?

A

False pelvis and the opposite is true (pun intended)

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10
Q

What are the boundaries of the greater pelvis?

A

Posteriorly the lumbar spine

Posterolaterally the ala of the illium

The abdominal wall anteriorly

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11
Q

What are the boundaries of the pelvic inlet?

A

Sacral promontory + sacral alae posteriorly

Arcuate + pectineal lines laterally

Upper margin of pubic symphysis anteriorly

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12
Q

What are the boundaries of the pelvic outlet?

A

Tip of coccyx posteriorly

Sacrotuberous ligament posterolaterally

Ischial tuberosity laterally

Ischiopubic ramus anterolaterally

Lower margin of pubic symphysis anteriorly

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13
Q

What are the boundaries of the pelvic cavity?

A

Sacrum + Coccyx posteriorly

Ilium + ischium laterally

Body of pubic bone, pubic rami, and pubic symphysis anteriorly

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14
Q

What is in the pelvic cavity?

A

Pelvic viscera

Nerves

Blood vessels

Muscles

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15
Q

What is the most common pelvic shape in males?

A

Android

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16
Q

What is the most common pelvic shape in females?

A

Gynecoid

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17
Q

What is a pelvic shape sometimes seen in males and black females?

A

Anthropoid

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18
Q

What is the transverse diameter of the pelvic inlet?

A

11cm

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19
Q

What is the transverse diameter of the pelvic outlet?

A

13cm

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20
Q

What is the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic inlet?

A

13 cm

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21
Q

What is the anteroposterior diameter of the pelvic outlet?

A

11cm

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22
Q

What is the oblique diameter of both the inlet and outlet?

A

12cm

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23
Q

What is the interspinous distance?

A

10cm

24
Q

Do the pelvic inlet and outlet lie in a completely horizontal plane in anatomical position?

A

No the inlet is oblique angle of 55 degrees with horizontal plane whereas outlet is at an angle of 45 degrees with horizontal plane

25
Q

How is the female pelvis different to the male pelvis?

A

Outlet is wider

Inlet is open and circular

Ischial spines are more distant

Wider greater sciatic notch

Longer pubis and shorter ischium

Sacrum is flatter and shorter

Broader hips and tailbone

Pubic arch/ subpubic angle is greater than 90 degrees

lighter bones

26
Q

Where does the sacrospinous ligament attach?

A

laterally attached to the ischial spine

Medially attached to the sacrum and coccyx

27
Q

Where does the sacrotuberous ligament attach?

A

Ischial tuberosity inferiorly

Posterior superior iliac spine, lower part of posterior surface of sacrum and upper part of coccyx

28
Q

What landmarks constitute the surfaces of the pelvic cavity?

A

Anterior wall

Pelvic floor: levator ani and coccygeus

Posterior wall is composed of pelvic surface of the sacrum and coccyx

Lateral walls composed of pelvic surface of ilium and obturator internis and its fascia

29
Q

Where does the piriformis muscle originate?

A

On the sacrotuberous ligament

The gluteal surface of the ilium

The sacrum at S2 - S4

30
Q

Where does the piriformis insert?

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

31
Q

What spinal nerves innervate the piriformis?

A

The anterior rami of S1 - S2

32
Q

What does the piriformis do?

A

Rotates femur laterally and holds femur head in acetabulum

33
Q

Where does the obturator internis originate?

A

Obturator membrane and pelvic surface of the ilium and ischium

34
Q

Where does the obturator internis insert?

A

Greater trochanter of the femur

35
Q

What does the obturator internis do?

A

Laterally rotates femur and keeps head of femur in acetabulum

36
Q

Where does obturator internus get its nerve supply?

A

Anterior rami of L5 S1 and S2

37
Q

What are the main muscles of the pelvic floor?

A

Levator ani

coccygeus

38
Q

What are the levator ani muscles?

A

Pubococcygeus (consists of puborectalis and puboprostaticus/pubovaginalis)

Iliococcygeus

Coccygeus

39
Q

Where does the iliococcygeus originate and insert?

A

Origin: tendinous arch of obturator fascia and iscial spine

Inserts: anococcygeal raphe and coccyx

40
Q

Where does the coccygeus originate?

A

Ischial spine

41
Q

Where does the coccygeus insert?

A

lower sacrum and coccyx

42
Q

Where does nerve supply of coccygeus come from?

A

S4 and S5 spinal nerves

43
Q

Where does levator ani get its nerve supply?

A

S4 branches

Inferior anal nerve

Coccygeal plexus

44
Q

What is the closest muscle to the center around anus ?

A

Puborectalis

45
Q

What is the role of the pelvic floor?

A

Supports viscera of pelvis

Equalizes intraabdominal pressure during defacation and parturition

46
Q

Which muscle is most often torn during childbirth?

A

Pubococcygeus

47
Q

What does puborectalis do?

A

Forms sling around anus that helps with fecal continence

48
Q

What is a possible consequence of injury to pelvic floor muscles?

A

Prolapse in uterus or rectum

Neck of bladder can be moved resulting in urinary incontinence.

49
Q

Where is the uterovesical pouch?

A

Anterior to the uterus

Posterior to the bladder

50
Q

Where is the rectouterine pouch?

A

Between rectum and uterus

51
Q

What is another name for the rectoterine pouch?

A

Pouch of douglas

52
Q

What does the rectouterine pouch cover?

A

Anterior part of middle third of the rectum and upper rectum

The uterus anteriorly

The posterior fornix of the vagina inferiorly

53
Q

Describe the rectovesical pouch and who has it?

A

The male peritoneal pouch covers the base of the bladder as well as the superior portion of the bladder it also covers the anterior part of the middle third of the rectum and continues to cover it superiorly until it becomes continuous with the posterior abdominal wall

54
Q

What is the clinical significance of the abdominal pouches?

A

Any free fluid accumulates in those pouches. For example, pus from abscesses or blood from rupture of blood vessels.

55
Q

What are the paravesical fossae?

A

Some peritoneum is reflected laterally into lateral pelvic wall from superior bladder wall and is continuous with the pelvic wall.

56
Q

What is the broad ligament?

A

Membrane is folded over fallopian tubes in such a way that underneath them the membrane meets itself in the form of a double membrane. As a result this tissue connects the ovary to the uterus and is called the broad ligament. It also covers the ovary

57
Q

What is the difference between male and female peritoneal cavity?

A

In males the lower extent the peritoneal cavity is closed. In females inferiorly the peritoneal communicates with exterior atmosphere via the uterine tube. Any infection in vagina or uterine tube could spread into the peritoneam called peritonitis.

IMED3002 (46 decks)

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