Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IMED3002 > BP regulation > Flashcards

BP regulation Flashcards

1
Q

How do arterioles modify resistance?

A

They have lots of smooth muscle which

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is mean arterial blood pressure?

A

mean pressure over the entire cardiac cycle (average is about 95 mmHg not mean between SBP and DSP due to being in Systole for longer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is systolic BP?

A

Maximum arterial BP during heart contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is diastolic BP?

A

Min arterial BP during heart relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the formula for mean arterial pressure?

A

CO x TPR

P = QR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What controls cardiac output?

A

sypathetic and parasympathetic nerves that affect heart rate and stroke volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does SVR get affected by?

A

constriction or dilation of the arterioles and venules (due to preload effect)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What things manipulate Mean Arterial Pressure?

A

CO

SVR

Blood Volume (more volume = more pressure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is chronotropy?

A

Heart rate effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the excitatory affects on heart rate caused by?

A

Sympathetic innervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the slowing effects on heart rate caused by?

A

Parasympathetic innervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the intracellular response of muscarinic ACh binding?

A

opens potassium channels causing potassium to leak out of the cell to make the cell more negative making gaps between heartbeats longer

No effect on contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does beta adrenergic innervation result in?

A

More calcium flows into the cell making the heart cells more contractile and contract more often

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is beating harder described as?

A

Inotropy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What factors affect MAP?

A

Female M>F

Age Elderly > Children

Emotions Increases due to increases due to secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline

Exercise increases due to increased venous return

Hormones increases MAP

Gravity increases MAP due to pooling of blood in lower limbs

Sleep decreases MAP due to decrease in venous return

Pregnancy increases MAP due to increased metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What factors affect systemic vascular resistance?

A

Blood viscosity (ratio of RBCs to plasma and protein concentration)

Total blood vessel length (resistance directly proportional to length of vessel)

Size of lumen (vasoconstriction makes lumen smaller meaning greater resistance)

17
Q

What happens in blood vessels when responding to noradrenaline binding to alpha receptors?

A

They narrow with the exception of arteries going to muscles and coronary arteries

18
Q

How is BP measured?

A

Short term: Baroreceptors

Long term in kidneys via the tubuloglomerular feedback

19
Q

How is BP controlled?

A

Short term controlled by baroreceptor reflex.

Long term controlled by RAAS, ADH, and ANP

20
Q

What 3 centers are present within the CV center in the medulla?

A

Cardiostimulatory center (Increase heart rate and heart contractility)

Cardioinhibitory center (Decrease HR)

Vasomotor center (Vasoconstriction)

21
Q

What part of the brain is the CV center a part of?

A

The solitary tract

22
Q

Where are baroreceptors located?

A

Carotid sinus

Aortic reflex

23
Q

What fires the baroreceptors?

A

stretch of the mechanoreceptors

24
Q

Which receptors cause arteriolar smooth muscle to contrict?

A

Alpha receptors

25
Q

Which receptors cause the ventricles to contract harder?

A

Beta - 1

26
Q

Which receptors cause the SA node to depolarize more frequently?

A

Beta - 2

27
Q

Are there other important receptors that the heart reacts to?

A

Yes, for example lung stretch receptors will elevate HR

28
Q

What does the Frank-Starling curve show?

A

The effect of the venous system on preload. Increasing venous pressure elevates CO.

29
Q

What happens to venous pressure when cardiac output is elevated?

A

It drops because blood is being removed from venous circulation

30
Q

What happens when Venous pressure drops as a result of elevated CO?

A

the CO drops

This goes back and forth until equilibrium is reached at what is known as a goldilocks zone

There is an optimal cardiac output for an optimal preload

31
Q

What happens to goldilocks zone with the effect of sympathetic stimulation?

A

Venous Pressure drops due to increase in tone and an elevation of CO. Increase in preload results in a higher point

32
Q

What does nitroprisside do?

A

Elevates heart rate without influencing preload

33
Q

What does increasing blood volume do to the venous preload?

A

Elevates both CO and venous pressure. More fluid means venous pressure is higher due to presence of more fluid and CO increases due to higher preload

34
Q

If CO & CVP are low how can this problem be fixed?

A

Increasing the amount of fluid in the system.

35
Q

If CO is low but CVP is raised what can be done?

A

Use a cardiac stimulant

IMED3002 (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions