Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IMED3002 > Brainstem > Flashcards

Brainstem Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the brainstem?

A

Midbrain

Pons

Medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where is the brainstem located?

A

Inferior to thalamus

Superior to spinal cord

Posterior to sphenoid sinus

Anterior to cerbellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is the thalamus part of the brainstem?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is the basal ganglia part of the brainstem?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What part of the brain are the 2 cerberal peduncles?

A

The midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the pons?

A

A bridge between the left side and the right side of the cerbellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where do transverse nerve fibers between cerebella go?

A

Pons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where do longitudinal fibers (moving towards the spinal cord) from the cerebrum go?

A

Medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What sits on the depression of the pons of the medulla?

A

The basilar artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 2 legs of the medulla oblongata called?

A

The pyramids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the smaller almond shaped thing next to the pyramids of the medulla oblongata called?

A

The olives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the sulcus of the medulla oblongata called?

A

Anterior median sulcus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What cranial nerve goes through spinal cord?

A

Spinal accessory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 4 round structures in the posterior midbrain?

A

Superior and inferior colliculi

Cerebral peduncle

Quadrigeminal plate or tectum of midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where does the trochlear nerve arise from?

A

Directly below the inferior colliculi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the pineal gland?

A

On the posterior aspect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which peduncles are seen in the anterior view if midbrain?

A

Cerebral peduncles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which peduncles are seen in the posterior view of midbrain?

A

Cerebellar peduncles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is located in the posterior view of the brain in the location opposite of the pons?

A

The rhomboid fossa which is the floor of the 4th ventricle of our brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What starts at the tip of the caudal part of the rhomboid fossa?

A

The medulla oblongata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the legs of the medulla located on the posterior end?

A

Fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus

No need to remember for this semester

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 12 cranial nerves?

A

I) olfactory (Smell)
II) optic (Retina, vision)
III) oculomotor (Eye muscles [medial, superior, inferior, superior oblique muscles and levator palpibae superiorus]
IV) Trochlear
V) Trigeminal
VI Abducens [lateral rectus muscle (abducts the eye)]
VII) Facial (muscles of facial expression, watering of eyes and nose)
VIII) Vestibulocochlear (hearing and balance)
IX) Glossopharyngeal (taste to posterior 1/3rd of tongue and facial does anterior 2/3rds)
X) Vagus (responsible for gag reflex due to closing of the palatoglossus muscle which is innervated by vagus)
XI) Spinal accessory (originates in spinal cord and then goes up to brainstem through foramen magnum)
XII) Hypoglossal (motor to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue)

23
Q

What does the vestibulocochlear nerve bind to that maintains balance?

A

Semicircular canals

24
Q

Where does hypoglossus originate?

A

At the medulla oblongata at the level below the tongue

25
Q

Where do the cranial nerves originate?

A

Midbrain: III, IV

Pons: V, VI, VII, VIII(Little bit of it)

Medulla oblongata (IX, X, XII)

26
Q

What does spinal accessory do?

A

Elevates shoulders (trapezius muscle) and turns head (sternocleidomastoid)

27
Q

What are the peduncles composed of?

A

The tegmentum and the basis pedunculi (base)

28
Q

What does the cerebral aquaduct (the hole on top the the midbrain) do?

A

Transfers CSF from 3rd ventricle to 4th ventricle

29
Q

Where are the nuclei for the oculomotor and trochlear nerve located?

A

right next to the aquaduct of the midbrain. These nuclei are called periaquaduct nuclei.

30
Q

What tract starts at the red nuclei?

A

The rubrospinal tract

31
Q

What is the substantia niagra?

A

Brown coloured matter between the tegmentum and the basis peduncluli.

32
Q

Why is the substantia niagra brown?

A

It contains melanin. This site produces dopamine. This is missing in people with parkinson’s disease

33
Q

Where is the cerebral aqueduct located?

A

just above the superior colliculi between the periaqueductal nuclei

34
Q

What does the cerebral aqueduct get surrounded by?

A

Periaqueductal grey matter

35
Q

What happens if the cerebral aqueduct is blocked?

A

Hydrocephalus, resulting in more pressure and resulting in damage to brain and protrusion of eyes and rupture of arteries and veins of the eyes.

36
Q

What do the basis pedunculi of the brainstem contain?

A

Descending cortical efferent fibers projecting from cortex to internal capsule to midbrain

Medial portion contains all the corticospinal (UPM to PNS) and corticobulbar (UPM to CN) tracts

Lateral portion contains corticopontine fibers (cortex -> pontine nuclei -> cerbellum)

37
Q

What does white matter contain in the basis pedunculi?

A

Myelinated axons

38
Q

Where do longitudinal fibers in the pons travel?

A

Longitudinal perpendicular to the transverse fibers of the pons behind them (more anterior)

39
Q

What fossa is the floor of the 4th ventricle?

A

The rhomboid fossa

40
Q

What artery supplies the pons?

A

Basilar artery

41
Q

What cranial nerves arise from the pons?

A

CN V, VI, VII, VIII

42
Q

Where does the decussation of nerves in the brain stem from the cerebrum take place?

A

In the medulla oblongata just below the 2 pyramids.

90% of fibers decussate here and form the lateral corticospinal tract and 10% dont decussate and form anterior corticospinal tract

43
Q

Which structures form the 2 legs of the medulla oblongata anteriorly and posteriorly?

A

Pyramids anteriorly

Cuneuatus and gracillus fasoculi posteriorly

44
Q

What are the olives made up of in the medulla oblongata?

A

The inferior olivary nuclei.

45
Q

What colour are the olivary nuclei in life?

A

Brown

46
Q

What does the inferior olivar nucleus do?

A

It is involved in balance and control of movement.

Receives afferents from motor and sensory cortices of cerebrum and red nucleus of midbrain.

47
Q

Which tract goes to red nucleus?

A

The rubrospinal tract

48
Q

Which cranial nerves exit the medulla oblongata?

A

IX X and XII (exits between pyramid and olive)

49
Q

Where does CNXII exit from?

A

Between pyramids and olives

50
Q

What happens to waste material in Nuclei (location of cell bodies and most of the metabolism of the nerves)?

A

They are located near ventricles which means they enter cerebrospinal fluid through the pia mater.

51
Q

What does the caudal medulla contain?

A

The 1st order sensory neurons whose cell bodies are in Dorsal Root ganglia of spinal nerves. They ascend ipsilaterally through the cord and into the medulla.

52
Q

A patient has weakness and wasting on left hand side of face and the lower body has a flexed right upper limb and spastic weakness of right lower limb he also has loss of sensation on left side of face and right side of body. What does this indicate?

A

A problem with the pons medulla on the left side

53
Q

What is a babinski reflex and what does it indicate?

A

Dorsiflexion in response to stimuli on bottom of foot. This indicates problems with brain.

IMED3002 (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions