Q 2: Lecture 2

Question 1

Pesticide in cigarettes?

Answer 1

Nicotine used as pesticide for 100’s of years. Since late 1800’s. Degrades relatively quickly.
High toxicity to mammals

Question 2

How much nicotine in cigarettes?

Answer 2

1 mg on average 0.2-2.0 mg per canadian cigarette

Question 3

Dafnia

Answer 3

(Water flees) like little shrimp

Question 4

How is nicotine a stimulant?

Answer 4

acts by binding to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on the post-synaptic membrane of neurons. Causes continuous firing of the nerve signal resulting in over stimulation.

Question 5

Can be lethal at about __ to ___ mg

Answer 5

50, 100

a 60 mg dose= an oral LD50 of around 0.8 mg/kg

Question 6

Neonicotinoids?

Answer 6

Neonicotinoids used as pesticide since early 2000. It is Persistent

Most widely used category of pesticides on global basis(passed herbicides)

Low toxicity to mammals
Incredibly poisonous to insects

Question 7

Is Neonicotinoids persistent?

Is Nicotine?

Answer 7

YES

No- Degrades fairly quickly

Question 8

Neonicotinoids are ___ times more potent then Nicotine.

Answer 8

100

Question 9

Neonicotinoid ban?

Answer 9

BEE DEATHS:
EU ban because of high rate of Bee Deaths
Ontario first in North America to ban

Question 10

Next “silent spring” =

Answer 10

Neonicotinoids

Question 11

Neonicotinoids in Sask

Answer 11

65% of water bodies had Neonictinoids present

944 ng/L, nearly 1 mg/L in some places

Used on Canadian prairies as seed treatment

• Coats seeds, extremely water soluable(systemic)
• as plant grows it brings the pesticide into it protecting itself from insects.
• 95% of pesticides leak out into wetland and isnt used by plants.
• Breaks down in sunlight, so in murky water you can get buildups after years.
• Millions of KG’S used per year in Canada
• SE Saskatchewan has most dense concentrations
• Levels that hurt Aquatic Invertibrates well below average in Saskatchewan Wetlands.
• Synergistic

Question 12

Neonicotinoids additive or synergistic?

Answer 12

Synergistic