Pysical Env - Coastal features

Question 1

describe a destructive wave

Answer 1

steep beaches, short length, erosion and has a large wave height

Question 2

describe a constructive wave

Answer 2

has low wave height, strong wash and deposition

Question 3

what is the swash and back swash?

Answer 3

swash - when waves flow onto beaches/goes forward
back swash - when the wave retreats and comes back out into see

Question 4

What are the main features for the process of erosion for a bay?

Answer 4

hard and soft rock cliff face - concordant rock face (chalk and clay)
destructive waves - strong swash
erosion processes - abrasion and hydraulic action
bay and beach is formed
differential erosion

Question 5

Explain the process of a bay formation

Answer 5

destructive wave with a high wave and energy attacks the concordant rock face through abrasion and hydraulic action. Differential erosion happens when the soft rock erosed (clay) and the hard rock stays (chalk.) This creates a bay with a beach as the soft rock erodes further and further inland with the headland rock staying on either side, creating this curve

Question 6

what is abrasion for coastal eroison (bays)?

Answer 6

rocks in the ocean are thrown and smash against the rock face due to being thrown by the ocean. This breaks rocks off the rock/cliff face

Question 7

explain hydraulic action

Answer 7

strong winds forces itself into cracks on the rock face. This weakens the rock face as the cracks grow wider, eventually breaking rocks off the rock face

Question 8

the two types of rock faces

Answer 8

concordant
discordant

Question 9

formation of a stack - likely to appear

Answer 9

headland rock is weakened by erosion creating cracks in the cliff face, first sign of weathering
HA happen where waves force air into the cliff faces cracks, weakening and breaking fragments off the cliff face. These cracks enlarge/widen and a cave is formed
attrition and abrasion continue to attack the rock face, eventually the cave wall abrades and collapses which forms an arch
eventually the arch collapses over time due to lack of support under it. leaving behind a stack, the side of the original arch

Question 10

Example of a stack

Answer 10

Old Harry in England

Question 11

explain attrition

Answer 11

rocks and pebbles smash together because of the waves, making them become rounder/smoother and smaller

Question 12

what is solution?

Answer 12

acids in the ocean/water wear away the rock due to the chemicals/ acids in the water

Question 13

long shore drift is what bitch? - might appear

Answer 13

pavaling winds push constructive waves’s swash up beaches at a 45 degree angle in long shore drift. Rocks and pebbles carried by the long shore drift are carried up the beach and deposited. Due to the backwash not being as strong as the swash only a little material is taken by the backwash out into sea again. Therefore the material deposited on the beach builds up. Scotland’s PV comes from the SW

Question 14

what is the place studied for land conflicts

Answer 14

The Isle of sky - can be used for glaciated and land use conflicts

Question 15

name three conflicts and what the problem caused by these are
(hint - car, car and house)

Answer 15

traffic congestion from tourists on rural roads for example heading to the fairy pools leading to noise pollution and emergency services cannot get through
tourists parking on grass verges leading to erosion and destruction of wildlife in hedges
litter left behind - pollution
tourists buying second homes for B&B’s in Skye which then push up prices for locals who then can’t afford to buy a house