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Psych/Soc MCAT > Pysch/Soc IV > Flashcards

Pysch/Soc IV Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the acronym OCEAN stand for when determining personality?

A 
Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
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2
Q

What does it mean to have high vs low openness to experience?

A

High: embrace new ideas, experience and values difference in people

Low: Prefers formality over novelty, conservative and resistant to change

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3
Q

What does it mean to have high vs low conscientiousness?

A

High: Competence and order, manages time well, strives to achieve

Low: Disorganized, less disciplined, can be irresponsible

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4
Q

What does it mean to have high vs low extraversion?

A

High: Gregarious, outgoing, energized

Low: Solitary activity, drained by social events

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5
Q

What does it mean to have high vs low agreeableness?

A

High: Thinks of others, goes with the flow

Low: High maintenance, holds strong opinions

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6
Q

What does it mean to have high vs low neuroticism?

A

High: High levels of emotion, can be impulsive

Low:Experiences more and ability to cope with emotions and well with stress

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7
Q

What is personality?

A

Thought, feelings, ways of thinking about things, belief and behaviour

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8
Q

What is the life course perspective?

A

Understand lives for a cultural, social and structural perspective
-looks at past to see how it motivates current behaviour and how you make decisions

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9
Q

What is the psycho analytic perspective?

A

Personality is shaped by the unconscious

-mental illness is the result of unconscious conflict which often stems from childhood

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10
Q

What did freud say about human behaviour?

A

Human behaviour is motivated by libido (drive for life) but people are also motivated by the death drive (drives dangerous/destructive behaviour)

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11
Q

What are the 3 kinds of thinking according to freud?

A

Id: unconscious and responsible for our desire to avoid pain and seek pleasure (inner child)

Ego: Logical thinking and planning as we deal with reality (adult without competing desires)

Super ego: moral judgement of right and wrong, strives for perfection (internal parent)

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12
Q

What are the phases of psychosexual development?

A 
Oral (0-1)
Anal (1-3)
Phallic (3-6)
Latency (6-12)
Genital (12+)
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13
Q

Why is Erik Erikson famous?

A

Added more stages onto Freuds psychosexual model but called it the psychosocial model
-looked more at issues in identity formation

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14
Q

What are the psychosocial stages of development stages?

A
  1. Trust vs. Mistrust Hope 0 - 1½
  2. Autonomy vs. Shame Will 1½ - 3
  3. Initiative vs. Guilt Purpose 3 - 5
  4. Industry vs. Inferiority Competency 5 - 12
  5. Identity vs. Role Confusion Fidelity 12 - 18
  6. Intimacy vs. Isolation Love 18 - 40
  7. Generativity vs. Stagnation Care 40 - 65
  8. Ego Integrity vs. Despair Wisdom 65+
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15
Q

What is the behaviouralist approach to personality?

A

Personality is the result of learned behaviour patterns based on environment

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16
Q

Who is BF Skinner and what did he focus on?

A

Focused on specific reinforcements that produced their behaviour
-he was only interested in behaviour reinforcement and punishment to completely determine behaviour

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17
Q

What is the humanistic perspective?

A

We are driven by an actualizing tendency to realize their highest potential and personality
-conflicts occur when this is thwarted

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18
Q

What did Carl Rodgers aY?

A

He said the goal of development is establishment of a differentiated self concept
-Self activation is accomplished when parents exhibit unconditional positive regard instead of conditions (should not have strings attached to love)

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19
Q

What is the social cognitive perspective?

A

Personality results of reciprocal interaction among behavioural, cognitive, and environmental factors

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20
Q

What did Albert bandura say?

A

Patterns of behaviour are learned via observational learning based on personality
(has multiple other names)

21
Q

What is trait theory?

A

Habitual patterns of behaviour, thought and emotion are relatively stable over time based on personality

22
Q

What are cardinal traits?

A

The dominating trait, normally used to distinguish someone

23
Q

What are central traits?

A

How you and others would describe you

-stable across different situations

24
Q

What are 2nd traits?

A

Sometimes related to attitudes of preferences

-dependent on situation

25
Q

What is the biological perspective?

A

Personality is the result of individual differences in Brian biology

26
Q

What is behavioural genetics?

A

Nature vs nurture (and how much of each)

  • Look at shared environment (SES, education) and non shred (group)
  • trying to see for heritable traits
27
Q

If you take the psychoanalytic perspective what is the root, how do you treat and that kind of therapy do you use?

A

Root: Unconscious conflict

Treat: Make the conscious be conscious

Therapy: Psychotherapy

28
Q

If you take the humanistic perspective what is the root, how do you treat and that kind of therapy do you use?

A

Root: Condition and regard

Treat: Providing unconditional and regard. let the client guide the process

Therapy: Client centered

29
Q

If you take the Behavioural perspective what is the root, how do you treat and that kind of therapy do you use?

A

Root: Reinforcement and punishment

Treat: Reinforce better behaviour

Therapy: Behavioural therapy

30
Q

If you take the Social Cognitive perspective what is the root, how do you treat and that kind of therapy do you use?

A

Root: Observation behaviour and cognition

Treat: Reinforce Better thoughts and provide better models

Therapy: Cognitive behavioural therapy

31
Q

What is motivation?

A

Driving force that causes us to act or behave in certain ways

32
Q

What is dive?

A

Any need puts stress on the body, and we do anything to alive the negative aspect

  • it is a negative feedback loop
  • Maintaining homeostasis
33
Q

What is Maslows Needs?

A

Human behaviour is motivated by a hierarchy of needs

-need to complete the level above before trying to achieve the next needs level

34
Q

What are Maslows needs starting from the bottom?

A 
Psychological needs
Safety needs
Belongingess and love 
Esteem needs
Self actualization
35
Q

What are emotions?

A

How we experience and respond to interned and external stimuli

36
Q

What are the 3 aspects that contribute to emotions?

A

Physiological: arousal of physical body

Behavioural: Expression of behaviour

Cognitive: Appraisal and interpretation of the situation

37
Q

What is James Lang’s theory of emotion

A

Psychological arousal causes emotion

38
Q

What is Cannon bards theory of emotion?

A

Emotion and physiological arousal happen simultaneously

39
Q

What is Schachter-Singers theory of emotion?

A

Added cognitive interpretation, emotion is determined by arousal and context

40
Q

What is the Yerks-Dodson law?

A

Optimal level of emtional arousal for performance

-the moderate taste have the highest level of performance

41
Q

What are the 6 universal emotions

A 
Happiness
Sadness
Anger
Surprise
Fear
Disgust
42
Q

What are the 3 different responses to stress?

A

Physiological (acute and chronic stress)
Emotional (depression, anxiety)
Behavioural (Addictive behaviours)

43
Q

What is the cognitive appraisal of stress?

A

How it is interpreted in the individual

-primary and secondary responses

44
Q

What is social support?

A

Is the perception ion reality that one is a member of a supportive social network

45
Q

What is the buffering hypothesis?

A

keeps stress at bay

46
Q

What is the direct health hypothesis?

A

Directly relieves stress

47
Q

What is the general adaptation syndrome (Selyes)?

A

Describes stages in response to stress

48
Q

What are the 3 stages in response to stress based on the general adaptation syndrome (Selyes)?

A

Alarm: Arousal of the PSNS, body armed for immediate action

Resistance: Body tries to resist the prolonged stres

ExhaustionL Body cant keep up with prolonged needs to ward off stress

49
Q

What is cognitive dissonance ?

A

What attitudes and behaviour contradict each other

-we change attitude to match behaviour never the other way round

Psych/Soc MCAT (7 decks)

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