Psych/Soc Class VII Flashcards
What are the predominant characteristics of the left brain?
Math and Science
Rational
Methodological
What are the predominant characteristics of the right brain?
Creative
Artistic
Emotional
How do the hemispheres communicate with each other?
Corpus callesumis
-if severed brain split into 2
What is agnosia?
The inability to process sensory info
-most common is visual and speech in the occipital temporal borders
What is Prosopagnosia?
Inability to recognize faces
-general sense isn’t damaged you just cant process it
What is the frontal lobe responsible for?
Reasoning Working memory Solving problems Making plans Movement Speech Smell
What is the parietal lobe responsible for?
Sensation Body awareness Touch Taste Pressure
What is the temporal lobe responsible for?
Hearing
Processing speech
What is the occipital lobe responsible for?
Visual processing
What is the cerebellum responsible for?
Movement
Balance
Precedural memory
What is sensation?
Encoding of physical energy from environment
What is perception?
Decoding of sensations
-selection, organization, interpretation
What is webbers law?
The size of the just noticeable difference is a constant proportion of the original stimulus value
What is signal detection theory?
Method for quantifying a persons ability to detect a given stimulus amidst other non-important stimuli
During testing, what do we get when stimulus is present and response is present?
Its a hit
During testing, what do we get when stimulus is present and response is absent?
Miss
Type II
False Negative
During testing, what do we get when stimulus is absent and response is present?
False
Type I
False +
During testing, what do we get when stimulus is absent and response is absent?
Correct Rejection
During testing, what do we need to detect a stimulus?
Aquiring info
Apply criteria
In testing what does accuracy depend on?
External noise Internal Noise (internal to decision maker)
What is modality?
type of stimulus being detected?
What is intensity?
How strong the stimulus is
What is the difference between tonic and phasic receptors?
Tonic: slower such as chemo
Phasic: is faster such as mechano
What is feature selection theory?
the combination of a search technique for proposing new feature subsets, along with an evaluation measure which scores the different feature subsets
What is parallel processing?
Many aspects of a visual stimulus are processed simultaneously rather than in step wise fashion (serial processing)
What are the categories of parallel processing?
Retinal processing Feature detection Abstraction Recognition -these all happen at the same time
What are the 3 steps of perception?
Stimulus
Electrochemical process
Experience and action
What is important for stimulus to happen?
Environmental stimulation
Attended stimulation
Stimulus on receptors
What is important for the electrochemical process to happen?
Transduction
Transmission
Processing
What is important for experience and action to happen?
Perception
Recognition
Action
What is bottom up?
Start with the info from our sensory receptors and builds up to a final product in our brain
-start with details and work our way up
What is top down?
Start with larger concept or idea and works down to the details
What kind of organization is perception and sensation?
Sensation is Bottom up
Perception is top down
What is Gestalt psych?
Top down
Predictable ways in which we organize sensory info into meaningful pattern that we perceive
What are the different kinds of Gestalt psych?
Figure Ground segregation Closure Proximity Continuity Similarity Past Experience Symmetry/Equilibrium
What is attention?
Lets us focus in on one small stimuli from our world and channels out other information so we can focus on the other parts
What is the Broadbent filter model of selective attention?
Stimuli passes through filters to enter into our attention
-and if we dont pay attention it filters out and decays
What is the Treisman attention model of selective attention?
Can carry on a conversation in a room full of conversations but can be distracted by hearing your name in another context
-cocktail party effect
What does the ability to multitask depend on?
Task stimulating
Task difficulty
Task Practice
-can also be called divided attention
What is schema?
Mental framework that allows us to organize our experiences/stimulus
What do you have to do to use schema effectively?
To use effectively must constantly assimilate new experiences, new information is interpreted based on our current situation
As we interact with the world we accommodate schema to incorporate new information and experiences
What are the Piaget stages?
Sensorimotor 0-1.5/2
Pre-operational 2-6/7
Concrete Operational 7-11
Formal Operational 12+
What are the characteristics of the Piaget sensorimotor stage?
Experience world directly though sensory ant motor movement
- Object permanence
- Stranger anxiety
What are the characteristics of the Piaget Pre-Operational stage?
Represent things with images and words
- Pretend play
- Egocentric
What are the characteristics of the Piaget Concrete stage?
Thinks logically
Mental Manipulations
-Conservation
What are the characteristics of the Piaget Formal Operational stage?
Reason abstractly
Solve Hypothetical problems
- Abstract logic
- Moral reasoning
what is trial and error?
Several solutions to try and rule out those that do not work
What is an algorithm?
Step by step procedure to try all possible options
What is insight?
Solution appears all at once and is complete
-can get a cue to help)
What is heuristic?
Mental rule of thumb, short guideline
What is the confirmation bias?
Seek evidence to support conclusion or ideas more than we seek evidence that will refute them
What is functional fixation?
Mental bias that limits our view of how an objects can be used based on how that object is traditionally used
What is a mental set?
Tendency to approach situations in a certain way because that method worked for us in the past
What is the availability heuristic?
Rely on what is available in our mind instead of relying on research
-we tend to over estimate
What is intelligence?
Ability to learn from experience and adopt to the environment
What are the different kinds of intelligence?
Social: ability to manage and understand people
Emotional: monitor and discriminate emotions to guide thinking and action
Fluid: solving new problems as they arise
Crystallized: accumulated knowledge
What is Chomskys Nativist theory?
Kids of the same age make the same grammar mistakes
What is the critical period for language?
Critical period for learning language at certain stages we are better to learn this and if we aren’t exposed to it then you probably won’t learn it
What is the Vygotsley interactionist theory?
Absorb knowledge for environment emphasizes social interactions
What is the Brocas Area?
Language production (in the frontal lobe) -if damaged, have non fluent aphasia
What is the Wernickes area?
Understanding written nd spoken language (parietal lobe)
-if damaged have fluent aphasia and impaired comprehension
What I the Sapir-Whof hypothesis?
Linguistic relativity hypothesis that thoughts affect words and words affect thoughts
