Psych/Soc Class V Flashcards
What is a mental disorder?
Set of behaviours or psych symptoms that are not in keeping with social norms and sever. enough to cause personal stress, impairment to social, occupational or personal functions
What are the said to be 2 categories of mental disorder causeS?
Biomedical: biological cause (brain deformation)
Biopsychological: there is overlap between psych, sociocultural and biological causes
What is anxiety?
Fear or anxiety, avoidance of behaviour, sympathetic activation in the absence of threat
What is depression?
sad and empty and or irritable mood, not related to normal grief
What is thought to be the causes of depression?
genetics
Brian chemistry
Anatomy
What is monoamine hypothesis?
Deficiency in libels or serotonin, NT dopamine in CNS
What is bipolar disorder?
Involves episodes and oscillations between really happy and depressed states
Are there more than one type of bipolar disorder?
BP1 very extreme highs and lows of similar magnitude
BP2 very extreme lows and more normal highs
Cyclothymia more even highs and lows, not as intense
What is schizophrenia?
Delusions and hallucinations
Disorganized speech and though
Feneral detachment of reality
What does a person with schizophrenia have that normal people dont?
+ symptoms (add): hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech and behaviour
- symptoms (sub): Avolition (loss of motivation), decrease in speech and interactions
Cognitive symptoms: only detected when doing other tests
What is said to be the cause of schizophrenia?
Abnormal brain chemistry (dopamine) and an outside stressor
What is PTSD?
exposure to traumatic stressful event wide range of symptoms
What is personality disorder?
Patterns of inflexibile behaviour across a range of settings, relationships
- diagnosis starts in adolescence
- high comorbidity
What are the different categories of personality disorder?
Cluster A: Milder versions of schizophrenia (not all symptoms) Weird
Cluster B: Over the top or unstable (dramatic), antisociety. Wild
Cluster C: Anxiety, OCPD related. Worried
What is OCD?
obsessions (thoughts) and compulsions (actions)
What is illness anxiety?
Part of the somatic symptoms
Excessive or medically unexplained symptoms
-you’re always worried about becoming sick
What is dissociative identity?
disruptions / discontinuities in core identity, abnormal integration of emotion, identity and consciousness
What is autism?
Diagnosed early in development
Hard to treat
Intellectual disability
Communication disorders
What is Alzheimers?
Cognitive decline from previous level of performance in cognitive functionality
What is said to be the cause of Alzheimers?
Amyloid plaques: clumps and protein fragments that accumulate outside the cells
Neurofibillary tangle: Clumps of altered proteins inside cell
-everyone has these but the rate at which they leave someone who has Alzheimers is slower boucle they have a lot more
What its Parkinson’s?
Low dopamine levels in the substantial migration (middle brain) impacts motor functions
What is insomnia?
disturbance in quality timing and or amount of sleep
What are the 2 categories of insomnia?
Dyssomnia: insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea
parasomnia: sleep walking, night terrors
What is the difference between dyssomnia and parasomnia?
dyssomnia is abnormalities in the amount of quality/time of sleep
parasomnia: abnormal behaviours during sleep
What is alcoholism?
substance related and addictive disorder
-can have lack of empathy and sympathy for others in advanced states
What are the different kinds of drugs used to treat mental disorders?
Depressants: depress CNS
stimulants: increase availability of NTs
Hallucinogens: Distorts perception
What is tolerance?
use more to get desired effect
What is dependence?
Need it to function normally
What is withdrawals?
Suddenly stops the use once someone becomes dependent
What is addiction?
Compulsive use
What is consciousness?
Awareness we have of ourselves
What are our 2 states of consciousness?
Asleep
Awake
What are our 2 states of consciousness controlled by?
Reactive activating system
-RAS
What are the different waves experienced when sleeping?
alpha: 7-14Hz (relaxed normal consciousness)
beta: 15-30Hz (alertness and conscious)
theta: 4-7Hz (meditative state)
delta: Less than 4Hz (Sleep)
What is the circadian rhythm?
Controls our alertness in predictable ways over 24hrs
What is the circadian rhythm dependent on?
Body temp
Cortisol (adrenal)
Melatonin (pineal gland)
What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus?
Regulates sleep, melatonin production and body temp
What is hypnosis?
State of consciousness and attention is more focused and peripheral awareness is reduced
What is meditation?
Practice in which an individual induces a mode of consciousness for some purpose
