Pysch//Soc Class III Flashcards
What is impression management?
Consciously making behavioural choices to influence perception of others
What is the dramaturgical perspective?
Front stage self and Back stage self
What is the self concept?
Self identity, self construction or self perspective. Beliefs about who you are as an individual
-your view of your own personality
What is the self concept made from?
Personal identities Social identities (perceived membership in a group)
What is a self schema ?
Specific beliefs you have about the self
What is self efficacy?
Your feeling of being able to carry out a task or doing something
What are the 2 kinds of self efficacy your can have?
High-good at going something
Low-Bad at doing something
What is the locus of control?
Whether you think you have control over what happens to you
What are the 2 kinds of locus of control?
Internal: you believe you have control over events
External: You don’t have control over events
What is evasive control?
When behaviour if monitored by the reality of threat of something unpleasant happening
What are the 2 kids of evasive control?
Escape behaviour
Avoidance behaviour
What is the difference between escape behaviour and avoidance behaviour?
Escape is termination of an unpredicted and unpleasant stimulus that has already occurered
Avoidance of a predictable unpleasant stimulus before it is initiated
What is social learning theory?
Occurs through observation
-learning from our social environments
What is social comparison theory?
Our identity is shaped by the comparisons to the types of reference groups
-comparing ourselves to the social environment
What is role taking?
Adopting role of other person or adopting behaviours
-social perspective taking
What is moral identity?
Being a moral person is important to someones identity
-Lawrence Kohlberg
What is the social facilitation effect?
Perform Bettwen when someone watch
- if you’re already good at it you’ll do better
- of you dont know how to do it then you’ll do worse
What is deindividualization?
When in a crowd, you adopt group mentality and lose individuality
What is the bystander effect?
Most people are less likely to help when others are present
What is the diffusion of responsibility?
In larger groups, its less likely someone will help
What is social loafing ?
Work less hard in a group
-everyone thinks they are working harder than they tink they are
What is groupthink?
When the desire to reach consensus decision cases groups to not critical evaluate alternative viewpoints
-leads to dysfunctional decision making
What is group polarization?
When group agreement causes the prexsiting view of group members to intensify the average view of members, m moving towards one pole
What is conformity?
Individuals to change attitude and behaviour based on the behaviour/thinking of others
What is Obedience?
When individuals yield to specific instructions and orders from authority figures
What is attribution theory?
The way we assign outcomes of a situation
- dispositional: internal causes
- Situational: external causes
What is fundamental attribution error?
We attribute other persons behaviour to their personality (judging)
What is actor/observer bias?
We attribute our own actions to the situation
-different perspective
What is the self serving bias?
Attribute our successes to ourselves and dialtures to others
What is the optimism bias?
We believe bad things happen to others and not you
What its the just world belief?
Bad things happen to others because of their actions
What is the ultimate attribution error?
Explains where prejudice comes from
What is the self fulfilling prophecy?
+ or - prophecy
When declared as true he actions can fulfill the prophecy regardless if it was true or not
What is persuasion?
influence by attitudes/beliefs of others
What are the 3 ays in which you can be persuaded?
Message characteristics
Source characteristics
Target characteristics
What is the elaboration likelihood method?
When people influences by superficial characteristics or content of message
What are characteristics of central ways of receiving a message?
Quality of message
Chose when interested in topic and not distracted
Longer lasting persuasive outcomes
What are characteristics of peripheral ways of receiving a message?
Superficial characteristics
Not motivated
Shorter lasting persuasive outcomes
What is compliance?
When agree to requests from others
What are the 5 types of compliance ?
Foot in door: ask small, then big
Door in face: ask big, then small
Low ball: Offering low initial cost, then increasing at the last moment
Ingratiation: sucking up
Norm of reciprocity: scratch my back and ill scratch yours
What is Solomon Asch conformity experiment?
Used confederates and placed in a group to deliberately say the wrong answer and some people followed knowing it was the wrong answer
What is Stanley pilgrims obedience experiment?
Testing what you do when someone of an authority figure tells you what to do
-further the distance between authority figure the less obedient you become
What is the Harlow monkey experiment?
Infants are attached more through comfort than through food
When reintroduced into society, they hard a hard time adjusting (decrease in social development)
What is Mary Ainsworths experiment?
Children were either when their mom left but came back:
Securely attached: cried when mom left and fine when came back
Insecurely attached: was not okay when mom left
What are the 3 different categories infants can be in when they are insecurely attached?
Ambivalent: Flux in opposing emotions
Avoidant attachment: Avoided toys and didn’t care if parents left but were actually v stressed out
Disorganized: can predict parental behaviour, in cases of neglect
What is the person perception?
Cant get to know people in a really deep way unless you spend a lot of time with them
What do we do to people if we dont know them?
Make quick judgements and establish expectations based on:
- Physical cues
- Salience
- Social Categories
- Halo effect
- Physical attractiveness stereotype
What is social norms?
Explicit and implicit rules of society
-change with respect to time
What are the 3 social norms?
Folkway: Not normally significant to society, customers societally approved
Mores: Morals and ethical behaviour social norms
Taboo: Extreme mores
What is deviance?
betrayal of societal rules
What ways can we be deviant?
Legal Sanction
Stigmatization
Preference for one behaviour over another
What is aggression?
Any behaviour meant to hurt.intimidate others
How does aggressions develop?
Environmental factors
Biological factors
Cultural factors
What is attraction based on?
Proximity
Similarity
Physical attractiveness
