Psych/Soc Class 2 Flashcards
What is a social institution?
Standardized set of social norms organized to pressure a societal value
What are examples of social institutions ?
Education Family Religion Health and Medicine Government
Is education the great equalizer?
NO, not everyone who has education is equal
What are the ways in which promotes inequality in education?
Hidden curriculum
Teacher expectancy
What is the hidden curriculum ?
Education transmitting unintentional lessons about norms, values and beliefs
What is the teacher expectancy?
Student ten to March teacher expectations
-can be + or -
What is a democracy?
Leaders selected by free and fair elections
What is a monarchy?
Leaders selected via bloodline/marriage
What is an authoritarian?
Leader doesn’t allow you to select leaders but can do everything else
What is a totalitarian ?
The government has total control over everything
What is the iron law of oligarchy?
All forms of organization develop oligarchy tendency especially in large groups and couples organizations.
-some power will be concentrated and therefore establish new ruling class
What would the ideal bureaucracy entail?
Hierarchal structure
Written rules and expectations
Neutrality
Official hired and promoted on technical competence
What is McDonaldization?
Principles of fast food dominating other sectors of society
-they are predictable and uniform but leads to loss of origniality
What is medicalization?
Process through which human conditions are defined and treated as medical condition
- new info/discourse regarding decision
- changing social attitudes/economic consideration
- Development of new meds and treatments
What is the sick role?
individuals who are ill have rights, obligations and responsibilities in society
What is institutional discrimination?
The social structure engages in discriminatory practices against a group
-not the choices of individuals but the whole organization
How is healthcare delivered?
Small scale: clinics/individual
Large scale: CDC, public health
What is the difference between the availability and the accessibility off healthcare?
Availability: The presence of the resource (present)
Accessibility: Ability to obtain existing resources (if present can we use)
What is social epidemiology?
Social determinants of health and use if structural concepts explains patterns of health in population
What are social conditions?
Favourable factors (+) improve overall quality of life
Social problems (-) are social conditions with negative impact
Social isolation: Complete or near-complete lack of contact with others in society
What is the Socioeconomic gradients of health?
Proportional increase in heath and health outcomes as socioeconomic status increases
What are the major demographics of society?
Age Immigration status Gender Race Sexuality
What is the Malthusian theory?
Unchecked population growth would exceed carrying capacity leading to over population and catastrophe
What is the demographic transition theory?
Societies transition from high hearth and high health rates to low birthrate and low death rate
What will population pyramids not tell you about?
Birth rate
What is the difference between sex and gender?
Sex is biological
Gender is a social construct
What is the difference between race and ethnicity?
Race is social construct based on physical characteristics
Ethnicity us a shared common nationality and shared traditions, languages food, religion
What is urbanization?
Population shift from rural to urban
What is globalization?
International integration
What is Social movement?
Group that attempts to promote, resist or undo a social change
What is gentrification?
Changing of neighbourhoods though renovation and capital investment that increases cost and perceived livability of the neighbourhood
What is residential segregation?
Physical separation into different areas based on race, ethnicity and SES
What us environmental injustice?
How SES and minorities live in shittier areas compared to upperclass
What is the difference between prejudice and discrimination?
Prejudice: a belief
Discrimination: Biased treatment (action)
What is social segregation?
Tendency of people for the same social group to interact with each other and have minimal contact with individuals of another social group
How is SES defined?
Power
Prestige
Property
What is absolute poverty?
Actual lack of essential resources
What is relative poverty?
Social inequality compared to other members of society
What is social stratification?
Different societies classify people based on different thing
What are the 3 levels of social stratification?
Caste: Status defined by birth
Class: Degree of social mobility
Meritocracy: Individual merit/achievement
What is social reproduction?
When social inequality is transmitted from one generation to the next
What is Structural mobility?
Is brought about by changes in stratification of the hierarch itself
What determines social mobility?
Physical, Social and Cultural capital
What is assimilation?
Process in which a person or a group culture come to resemble /chose another culture
What is multiculturalism?
Preservation of various cultures or cultural identities
What is ethnocentrism?
Belief in the inherent superiority of of ones own ethnic group or culture
What is cultural relativism ?
Individual human beliefs and activities should be understood by others
