Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PYSC 100 > PYSC 100 Chapter 15 > Flashcards

PYSC 100 Chapter 15 Flashcards

(88 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

social psychology

A

The study of how the immediate social context as well as broader cultural environments influence people’s thoughts, feelings, and actions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

core motivations that underlie actions

A
  1. to belong and form trusting relationships with others
  2. to understand the world and feel a sense of control over our actions and outcomes
  3. to perceive ourselves and our groups positively
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Fusiform Face Area (FFA)

A

underlies facial recognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Impression

A

schemas that organize the associated pieces of information we know about a person, like a mental file folder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Two key dimensions that capture our attention

A

Competence and Warmth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Heuristics for forming impressions

A

Transference, false consensus effect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Transference

A

tendency to assume that a new and familiar person has the same traits as another, known person whom they resemble in some way.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

False consensus

A

The tendency to overestimate the extent to which other people’s beliefs and attitudes are similar to our own.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Impression management

A

A series of strategies that people use to influence the impressions that others form of them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Impression management strategies

A

Self-promotion, Ingratiation, Exemplification, Intimidation, Supplication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Ingratiation

A

To be seen as likable
ex. congratulating a friend

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Attribution

A

Assignment of a casual explanation for an event, action, or outcome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE)

A

The tendency to assume that people’s actions are more the result of their internal dispositions than of the situational context- Internal Attribution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

People raised in ___ cultures, where group harmony is valued over the individual agency, are more sensitive to situational constraints

A

collectivistic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Internal attribution

A

Believing peoples actions are caused more so by who they are as people than the situation (aka FAE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

External Attribution

A

Believing peoples actions can be explained by situational context

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Self-Serving attributions

A

The attributions people make for their own behaviors or outcomes: We tend to make dispositional attributions for positive events but situational attributions for negative events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Affective Forecasting Errors

A

People’s inability to accurately predict the emotional reactions they will have to event
(because we overestimate the influence of some factors and underestimate the influence of others)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Attitude

A

An orientation toward some target stimulus that is composed of:
an affective feeling, a cognitive belief, and a behavioral motivation toward the target

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Implicit attitude

A

An automatically activated evaluation of a stimulus ranging from positive to negative, often learned through repeated exposure to a person, place, thing, or issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Implicit attitude

A

An automatically activated evaluation of a stimulus ranging from positive to negative- often learned through repeated exposure to a person, place, thing, or issue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)

A

A theory of persuasion contending that attitudes can change by two different routes: a central route that focuses on the strength of the argument and a peripheral route that is sensitive to more superficial cues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Central route

A

relies on more thoughtful, reflective processes. people form a positive attitude when the evidence is strong and form a negative attitude when the evidence is weak.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Peripheral route

A

more slapdash and impressionable. attitudes are swayed by surface-level features and more automatic associations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Compliance Strategies
used to change behavior more directly without targeting people's attitudes towards the product, idea, or message.
26
changing of someone else's attitude
persuasion
27
Door-in-the-face strategy
big request followed by a smaller request. elicits guilt after people decline so they feel more open to a smaller one
28
foot in the door approach
small request followed by a bigger request. people who comply to the first will be more likely to comply to the second
29
social proof
comparing to other people to show it is worth supporting
30
scarcity principle
where people tend to place higher value on things that are short in supply
31
Cognitive Dissonance
A sense of conflict between people’s attitudes and actions that motivates efforts to restore cognitive consistency
32
Post-decision dissonance
when we have to forgo an option that we have a positive attitude toward
33
Western vs Collectivist Dissonance
Western: when their actions are out of sync with their personal attitudes Collectivist: when their actions are out of sync with the attitudes of important others or with the way they wish to appear in others’ eyes
34
effort justification
a person's tendency to attribute the value of an outcome they put effort into achieving as greater than the objective value of the outcome
35
social norms
the patterns of behavior, traditions, and preferences that are tacitly sanctioned by a given culture or subculture.
36
conformity
The process by which people implicity mimic, adopt, or internalize the behaviors and preferences of those around them.
37
Informational social influence
Pressure to conform to others’ actions or beliefs based on a desire to behave correctly or gain an accurate understanding of the world.
38
Normative social influence
Pressure to conform to others’ actions or beliefs in order to gain approval from others or avoid social sanctions
39
Deindividuation
losing sight of our own personality
40
factors that influence conformity
Unanimity, Size of group, Culture, Low Self-Esteem, Deindividuation, conformity to our social role
41
Social Facilitation
An enhancement of the dominant behavioral response when performing a task in the mere presence of others; easy or well-learned tasks are performed better, but difficult or novel tasks are performed worse
42
Social loafing
The tendency for individuals to expend less effort on a task when they are doing it with others rather than alone
43
Homogeneity in a group
Means that everyone gets along very well and with relatively little conflict, can also lead to bias decision making
44
Group polarization
tendency for people’s attitudes to become more extreme after they discuss an issue with like-minded others.
45
Groupthink
A form of biased group decision making whereby pressure to achieve consensus leads members of the group to avoid voicing unpopular suggestions.
46
Stanley Milgram Experiment
In Milgram’s classic studies of obedience, participants were instructed to flip switches on this shock generator to administer what they believed to be increasingly painful electric shocks for each memory error made by a learner.
47
General Agression model
An integrative framework of the various factors and psychological processes that contribute to an act of aggression.
48
Most potent triggers of angry outbursts caused by
personal slights and insults that threaten our fundamental need for belonging and acceptance
49
Obedience
changing behaviors in response to a demand from an authority figure
50
Weapons effect
A phenomenon whereby simple exposure to a gun or weapon can increase aggressive responses by bringing violent thoughts to mind
51
prosocial behavior
actions aimed at assisting others toward their goals.
52
kin selection
An evolved or adaptive strategy of assisting those who share one’s genes, even at personal cost, as a means of increasing the odds of genetic survival.
53
norm of reciprocity
An automatic tendency to help others who have helped in the past or are expected to help in the future
54
Daniel Batson's key to altruism
empathy
55
empathy gap
The inability to accurately simulate the mental suffering of another person.
56
Kitty Genovese is an example of
Bystander effect
57
Bystander effect
The lower likelihood of people coming to the aid of a victim when in the presence of other observers than if they are alone.
58
What is needed to intervene in an emergency
1. Acknowledging it 2. Interpret the event as an emergency 3. Take personal responsibility for helping 4. know what needs to be done 5. follow through with some plan
59
Pluralistic ignorance
A situation that can occur when people are collectively unaware of each other’s true attitudes or beliefs.
60
Diffusion of responsibility
A tendency for people in a group to assume that someone else is in a better position to act or has already acted
61
Need to belong theory
biological need for interpersonal connection isolation can cause mood and anxiety problems
62
stereotypes
Mental representations or schemas that summarize the beliefs and/or associations we have for a group of people. Used mostly when we have little energy to properly sort things out.
63
complementary stereotypes
attribute both positive and negative traits to certain groups
64
prejudice
A negative attitude toward a group or members of a group
65
discrimination
A tendency for individuals to receive different treatment or outcomes as a result of their membership in a given social group
66
Realistic group conflict theory
A theory asserting that negative intergroup attitudes develop whenever groups compete against one another for access to the same scarce resources
67
ingroup
someone's social group which by thinking positively about themselves, people tend to extend positive emotions to as well
68
Social Identity Theory
A theory that explains why people develop a more positive attitude toward their own ingroup than towards outgroups. Having positive feelings about your ingroup by having negative ones about outgroups
69
outgroups
other groups
70
minimal group paradigm
experiment used to form groups based only on purported similarity of artistic preferences, perceptual biases, or even a random flip of a coin
71
Ingroup favoritism
favoring those in your ingroup, giving more of the goods to their own group than to others
72
Symbolic racism
The tendency to redirect one’s prejudice towards a racial or ethnic group to the policies that might benefit that group.
73
implicit racial bias
occurs when people have negative attitudes or formulate stereotypes (about members of a different race) that are easily and automatically associated with thoughts about that racial group.
74
Aversive racism
A tendency, even among egalitarian-minded people, to have unconscious negative reactions to people of racial or ethnic outgroups
75
Contact hypothesis
The proposal that prejudice can be reduced through sanctioned, friendly, and cooperative interactions between members of different groups working together as equals towards a common goal.
76
four important elements of positive contact that can help reduce prejudicial attitudes
1. working together 2. as equals 3. toward a common goal 4. in an environment where those in the position of authority support social change
77
jigsaw classroom
A technique to reduce intergroup prejudice by dividing an assignment among a diverse group of students and having them learn the information cooperatively.
78
mere exposure effect
all things being equal, the more we see something the more we like it. our attitudes, interests, and backgrounds shape the contexts we seek out, so people around us are often similar to us.
79
Chameleon effect
we mimic the mannerisms, accents, and speech of people we like and when people do this we like them more.
80
sexual selection
the physical differences between men and women lead to the evolution of sex differences in mating strategies that enhance genetic survival.
81
parental investment theory
A theory that predicts sex differences in attraction due to the greater time, effort, and risk assumed by women than by men during procreation
82
social role theory
different social roles to men and women women have traditionally held fewer higher status positions
83
triangular theory of love
A model that specifies passion, intimacy, and commitment as distinct elements that combine in various ways that lead to different types of love
84
3 most important things in a happy marriage
faithfulness a happy sexual relationship equity
85
Poor conflict management
(criticism), a tendency to be hostile or dismissive of the other person’s point of view (contempt), denial of any personal responsibility (defensiveness), withdrawing from any further conversation (stonewalling)
86
self-disclosing
leads to feeling more socially connected and less lonely
87
frequent checking of social media
predicts a drop in momentary happiness and life satisfaction
88
3 unique aspects of online dating
1. have access to many more potential dating partners in a short period of time 2. mode of communication is different 3. match a user to potential partners who seem to be the best fit for the user’s interests

PYSC 100 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions