pyelonephritis

Question 1

defintions

Answer 1

infection of renal parenchyma/renal pelvis uusally bacterial

Question 2

types

Answer 2

1. aspostematous nephritis
2. renal carbuncle (renal cortical abscess)
3. paranephric abscess
4. pyonephrosis
5. infected hydropnephressit
6. infected cyst

Question 3

aspostematous nephritis

Answer 3

A lot of Puss foci on the surface of the kidney

Question 4

enal carbuncle (renal cortical abscess)

Answer 4

The small for kind of post come together to one big focus

Question 5

paranephric abscess

Answer 5

necrosis of tissues within the perinephric space surroundign the kidneys. surrounding the perinephric fat and fascia of kindeys

Question 6

causes

Answer 6

stones
diabetes
pregnancy
neurogenic bladder ( spina bifida)
BPH
VUR
indwelling catheters
hematogenous spreaf e.g IE

Question 7

symptoms

Answer 7

general - fever, RIGORS, VOMITING

local - pain and redness over the area

Question 8

most common cause

Answer 8

ascending infection from the bladder

Question 9

UNCOMPLICATED

Answer 9

no antomical anomolies
immune competent
normal renal function
not pregant

outpatient treatment is ok. oral fluorquinolone like ciprofloxacin or trimethoprim and sulfamehtozole

Question 10

COMPLICATED

Answer 10

> 60 YEARS
need to be admitted to hospital

have congential abnormalities
pregs
immune weak
already bad fucntioning kindeys

Question 11

requiremnts of urosepsis

Answer 11

1. need a pus focus in urinary system
2. need to have stasis of urine
3. renal failure

Question 12

what can cause urosepsis

Answer 12

any UTI
- purrulent cystsitis
- purrulent epididymitis
- purrulent pyelonephritis
- purulent epidymitis
- purrulent prostatitis

Question 13

mb agenes in sepsi

Answer 13

gram -, e. coli KEB

and some gram +

Question 14

managemnt in spesi s

Answer 14

tak 3 give 3

Question 15

diagnosis

Answer 15

take 3 - bloods, urine, LACTATE

and ultrasound, KUB, ct with contrast

Question 16

symptoms of cystsits

Answer 16

Urinary frequency
Dysuria
Urgency
Foul-smelling urine
Suprapubic pain
Clinical examination may be normal or may reveal suprapubic tenderness

Question 17

dx of cystitis

Answer 17

The key differential is pylenopheritis

Question 18

dx cystitis

Answer 18

he key differential is pylenopheritis

Question 19

investigations for cystiis

Answer 19

disptcik
In uncomplicated cystitis no further investigations are required.
In children, men, and pregnant women a mid-stream urine sample should be sent.

Question 20

tx of cystitis

Answer 20

First line management is with oral nitrofurantoin or trimethoprim.
The patient should be advised on conservative measures to reduce the risk of further infection e.g. regular fluid intake, post-coital voiding.
Definition of Pyelonephritis

Question 21

most common mechnaism of uti

Answer 21

transurethral ascend of colonic commensals, most commonly E. coli.

Question 22

most common mechnaism of uti

Answer 22

transurethral ascend of colonic commensals, most commonly E. coli.

Question 23

DX OF PYELONEPHRITIS

Answer 23

CYSTITIS

Abnormal vital signs are more indicative of pyelonephritis

Question 24

Nitrofurantoin

Answer 24

Nitrofurantoin is an antibacterial medication used to treat urinary tract infections, but it is not as effective for kidney infections.

Question 25

urine results uti

Answer 25

nNitrites
Leucocytes
Haematuria