investogations

Question 1

retrograde cytsography and what it could be for

Answer 1

dye injected into bladder to see its course

A catheter will be inserted into your bladder for injection of the contrast dye.
A kidney, ureters, and bladder (KUB) X-ray will be taken to check that the urinary system is visible. With males, a lead shield may be placed over the testes to protect them from the X-rays.
The healthcare provider will inject dye into the bladder through the catheter. After the dye has been injected, the provider will clamp the catheter tubing to stop the dye draining from the bladder.
X-rays will be taken while the dye is being injected and after. You may be asked to change position for other X-ray views of the urinary system.
-after abdominal injury to check if bladder is affected
- rupture of the bladder
- can pick up diverticula
- can pick up maligancy
-retrograde flow of urine back into the ureters
- any fistulas

Question 2

scintoagphy

Answer 2

its a nuclear medicine techinique also known as gamma scan

A procedure that produces pictures (scans) of structures inside the body, including areas where there are cancer cells. Scintigraphy is used to diagnose, stage, and monitor disease. A small amount of a radioactive chemical (radionuclide) is injected into a vein or swallowed.

Question 3

retrograde cystography and what it could be for

Answer 3

dye injected into bladder to see its course

A catheter will be inserted into your bladder for injection of the contrast dye.
A kidney, ureters, and bladder (KUB) X-ray will be taken to check that the urinary system is visible. With males, a lead shield may be placed over the testes to protect them from the X-rays.
The healthcare provider will inject dye into the bladder through the catheter. After the dye has been injected, the provider will clamp the catheter tubing to stop the dye draining from the bladder.
X-rays will be taken while the dye is being injected and after. You may be asked to change position for other X-ray views of the urinary system.
-after abdominal injury to check if bladder is affected
- rupture of the bladder
- can pick up diverticula
- can pick up maligancy
-retrograde flow of urine back into the ureters
- any fistulas

Question 4

to do a urine culture what is a must and why explain

Answer 4

has to be in the bladder for at least 4 hours and you use the mid stream

1st portion - to test bacteria from urethra

Question 5

if you want to do a mb on prostate

Answer 5

do a prostatic massage and then tell the patient to pee after.

it can be part of the DRE as the prostate lies in front of the anterior rectal wall or it can be externally via the perineum

Question 6

micturating cystourethrogram done?

oral : its a functional test

Answer 6

also a called a Voiding
cystourethrography

fluoroscopic study of the lower urinary tract in which contrast is introduced into the bladder via a catheter.

catheter into urethra inject dye

indications
- UTI
- hydronephrosis
- hematuria
-trauma

Question 7

GOLDEN STANDARD FOR KIDENY TRAUMA

Answer 7

CT CONTRAST

Question 8

cystography is CI in

Answer 8

ACUTE CYSTITIS !

Question 9

indications for cystorgaphy

Answer 9

1. heamturia - susupicious for maliancy
2. chronic cystitis
3. A vagina fistula
4. staging of adjacent tumours to see if it has spread to the bladder or not e.g gyenolcogical cancer

Question 10

types of kidney biopsy

Answer 10

1. percutaneous
   -fine needle biopsy - smaller samplle
   -core needle biopsy - larger
2. open (when there is too high a risk of bleeding )

can also be done laproscopically too