Puthoff Lecture 4

Question 1

What is the dominant finding of urothelial carcinoma?

Accessory findings?

Answer 1

Painless hematuria

Occasionally frequency, urgency, dysuria

Question 3

What is the most common cause of hydronephrosis in infants and children?

Answer 3

UPJ obstruction

Question 4

Most common agents in acute cystitis?

Answer 4

E. Coli
Proteus
Klebsiella
Enterobacter
Staph saprophyticus

Question 5

What are the major categories of testicular neoplasms?

Answer 5

Germ cell tumors

Sex cord-stromal tumors

Question 7

Patients with urachal remnants or cysts are predisposed to what?

Answer 7

Infection

Carcinoma

Question 8

Infection with what virus has been implicated in hemorrhagic cystitis?

Answer 8

Adenovirus

Question 9

A pathologic finding of thickened epithelium covering papillary projections with minimal cellular atypia indicates what tumor?

Answer 9

PUNLMP

Question 11

What tumor is described by severe cytologic atypia, hyperchromatic huge nuclei, high N/C ratio?

Answer 11

High grade papillary carcinoma

Question 12

What cystitis is caused by indwelling catheters and results from irritation of the bladder mucosa?

Has been misdiagnosed as what?

Answer 12

Polypoid

Papillary carcinoma

Question 13

What is associated with poor genital hygiene with high risk HPV infection?

Jews never get it

Answer 13

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 14

What malignant mesenchymal tumor of adults occurs mostly in men around age 60 and may occur after radiation or chemo treatment?

Answer 14

Leiomyosarcoma

Question 15

What tumor marker is overexpressed in 95% of prostate cancers?

Answer 15

PCA3

Question 17

What tumors contain an ill-defined granulomatous reaction and may contain synctiotrophoblasts?

What hormone is found here?

Answer 17

Seminomas

hCG

Question 20

What malignant mesenchymal tumor of the bladder of children occurs around age 4, equal in boys and girls?

Answer 20

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
(Sarcoma botryoides)

Question 21

What condition is associated with increased risk of testicular cancer?

Answer 21

Cryptorchidism

Question 22

Patients receiving what drug may develop chronic cystitis?

Answer 22

Cytotoxic anti tumor drugs –> cyclophosphamide

Question 25

What is the major prognostic issue to be established in bladder cancer?

What is the critical prognostic factor?

Answer 25

Muscle invasion depth

Stage

Question 29

What form of cystitis is most often due to E.coli and is characterized by defective phagosomes function?

Answer 29

Malacoplakia

Question 31

What cystitis is characterized by Michaelis-Gutmann bodies, abnormal, enlarged lysosomes, and Granuloma formations?

Answer 31

Malacoplakia

Question 32

What cystitis causes the urothelium to proliferate into buds (nests of Von Brunn) and include symptoms of chronic irritation, frequency, dysuria, urgency, and hematuria?

Answer 32

Cystitis cystica and cystitis glandularis

Question 33

Diverticuli of the bladder wall predisposes one to what?

Answer 33

Infection
Formation of bladder calculi
VUR

Question 37

What form of cystitis shows inflammation and fibrosis of the bladder wall, fissures, and mast cells?

Most often seen in women 30-40 with a negative culture

Answer 37

Interstitial cystitis (Hunner ulcer)

Question 38

What form of cystitis occurs in middle aged women with increased frequency in the immunocompromised?

Answer 38

Malacoplakia

Question 44

Patients with exstrophy of the bladder of an increased risk of developing what?

Answer 44

Adenocarcinoma from the bladder remnant