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Renal II Exam 1 > Puthoff Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Puthoff Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What phase of ATI shows hypokalemia?

A

Recovery

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2
Q

Ischemic necrosis causes what kind of damage and where?

A

Patchy

PCT, PST, TAL

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3
Q

Defect of thin basement membrane disease due to a mutation in what?

A

Alpha3 or alpha4 type 4 collagen

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4
Q

What is being describe with these classic features?

Fever
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Neurologic symptoms 
Renal failure (50% of Pts)
A

TTP

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5
Q

How long does the initiation phase of ATI last?

What symptom?

A

36 hours

Oliguria

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6
Q

Papillary necrosis is caused by what?

A

DM
Analgesic nephropathy
Obstruction

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7
Q

Tubulointerstitial nephritis is characterized by what?

A

Azotemia
Inability to concentrate the urine
Polyuria

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8
Q

What is associated with non-epidemic, non-diarrheal, inherited mutations of proteins that regulate complement?

A

Atypical HUS

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9
Q

End stage diabetic nephrosclerosis can produce what?

A

Diffuse granular pitted surface

Marked thinning of renal cortex

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10
Q

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis is often associated with what?

A

Proteus

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11
Q

What is the following morphology describing?

Diffuse capillary BM thickening
Diffuse Mesangial sclerosis
Nodular glomerulosclerosis

A

Diabetic glomerulosclerosis

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12
Q

What is associated with bloody diarrhea due to E. coli and is an epidemic snydrome?

A

Typical HUS

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13
Q

What injury causes PCT cells to swell and show vacuolization?

A

Ethylene glycol

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14
Q

Atypical HUS mostly seen in whom?

A

Pregnant
Immunosuppressed
Malignant HTN

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15
Q

Where are the most mitochondria (highest energy requirements) located in the tubules?

A

PCT

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16
Q

Papillary necrosis with pale gray necrosis limited to the papilla is caused by what?

A

DM

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17
Q

Most patients are ______ for the defective gene in thin basement membrane disease

A

Heterozygous

Autosomal inheritance

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18
Q

What anatomic defects predispose to pyelonephritis?

A

VUR

Intrarenal reflux

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19
Q

Diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis is characterized by what morphologically?

A

Increase in cellularity
Enlarged glomerulus
Decrease in urinary space

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20
Q

What is described by the following morphology?

Hyaline arteriosclerosis, cortical adherence, compressed lumen?

A

Benign nephrosclerosis

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21
Q

50% of children with UTI have what?

A

VUR

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22
Q

What disease shows “wire loops” on light microscopy and subendothelial dense deposits on EM?

A

Lupus nephritis

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23
Q

What is associated with defects in ADAMTS13?

What involvement is most prominent?

Most common in whom?

A

TTP

Neurologic

Females under 40

24
Q

What is the 2nd most common cause of renal artery stenosis?

Occurs most often in whom?

A

Fibromuscular dysplasia

Young women

25
Q

Another name for diabetic glomerulosclerosis?

A

Kimmelstiel-Wilson Disease

26
Q

What causes embolization of plaques from the aorta or renal artery after AA surgery, aortography or intra-aortic cannulization?

A

Atheroembolic renal disease

27
Q

What is Seen in interlobular arteries containing cholesterol crystals which appear as rhomboid clefts?

A

Atheroembolic renal disease

28
Q

What causes acute tubular injury?

A

Ischemia

Toxic injury

29
Q

What causes renal artery stenosis and HTN in an ischemic kidney?

A

Increased production of Renin

30
Q

What causes vasoconstriction within the tubules?

A

RAS
Endothelin
Decreased NO
Decreased PGI2

31
Q

What is characterized by hematuria and hyposthenuria with patchy papillary necrosis?

A

Sickle cell nephropathy

32
Q

What are predisposing conditions to pyelonephritis?

A

Diabetes

Pregnancy

33
Q

What phase of ATI shows hyperkalemia?

A

Maintenance

34
Q

What is the most common etiology of large vessel disease?

What vessels?

A

atherosclerosis

Renal artery and abdominal aorta

35
Q

Clinical features of thin basement membrane disease?

Prognosis?

A

Asymptomatic hematuria

Excellent

36
Q

What are the only 2 things that cause damage to the calyces?

A

Chronic pyelonephritis

Analgesic nephropathy

37
Q

Toxic necrosis causes what kind of damage and where?

A

Continuous
PCT, PST

Patchy in TAL

38
Q

Coagulative necrosis of both glomeruli and tubules caused by obstetric emergencies, septic shock, surgery complications, is what condition?

A

Diffuse cortical necrosis

39
Q

Some people with analgesic nephropathy may develop what?

A

Urothelial carcinoma of the renal pelvis

40
Q

What is the most common cause of benign familial hematuria?

A

Thin Basement Membrane Disease

41
Q

What disease is described by the morphology of acute inflammation in tubules, cortical surface with yellow-gray areas of pus and abscess but spares the glomerulus?

A

Acute pyelonephritis

42
Q

Inheritance pattern of Alport?

Defect in what?

A

X-linked

Type 4 collagen

43
Q

What disease has hematuria, chronic renal failure, nerve deafness, lens dislocation, posterior cataracts?

A

Alport

44
Q

What is a bacterial infection of the kidney parenchyma?

A

Acute pyelonephritis

45
Q

What are the most common causes of UTI?

A

E. coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, Enterobacter

46
Q

Pyelonephritis most often occurs how?

A

95% arise via ascending infection from bladder

47
Q

What people may develop renal failure from benign nephrosclerosis?

A

Africans
HTN
DM

48
Q

What disease has an EM that shows irregular thickening of the BM and appears “moth-eaten”?

A

Alport syndrome

49
Q

The following morphology describes what?

Fibrinoid necrosis, “onion-skinning”, hyperplastic arteriolitis, “flea-bitten” appearance of renal hemorrhages?

A

Malignant nephrosclerosis

50
Q

Papillary necrosis that is red-brown necrotic papilla sloughed into the calyx is caused by what?

A

Analgesic nephropathy

51
Q

What results in polar scarring of the kidney?

A

VUR with chronic pyelonephritis

52
Q

“Rosary sign” associated with what?

A

Fibromuscular dysplasia of the renal artery

53
Q

What can sometimes cause acute pyelonephritis?

A

Polyoma virus

54
Q

What disease is seen where blunting of the calyces occurs?

A

Chronic pyelonephritis

55
Q

What vessel is majorly effected in malignant nephrosclerosis?

A

Afferent arteriole

Renal II Exam 1 (6 decks)

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