Pursuing Equity In Education

Question 1

Education

Answer 1

A process that results in learning; a culmination of everything people learn in their lifetime

Question 2

Schooling

Answer 2

Formalized process in which an institution delivers a relatively standardized curriculum

Question 3

Status attainment theory

Answer 3

Schools systemically, efficiently, and impartially provide access to valuable skills, knowledge, and credentials.

Compulsory schooling means that children receive the same education
- school -> “the greater equalizer”
Social mobility is possible through education

Question 4

Social reproduction theory

Answer 4

• schools reproduce social stratification, helping society function but also benefiting some more than others (and justifying it)
  • students’ social locations used when designing educational experiences
  ◦ Low-income schools emphasize discipline and obedience
  ◦ High-income promote critical thinking and obedience

Question 5

Critical pedagogy

Answer 5

• is an approach to education rooted in the belief that teaching and learning are inherently political acts

Question 6

Student-centered teaching involves what

Answer 6

Student centered teaching involved student in the learning process

Question 7

How can education be used powerfully

Answer 7

• education can be used by powerful to promote interests, but the masses can use education to challenge the status quo

Question 8

Access to education in a global perspective

Answer 8

• UN: education is a fundamental human right
◦ Yet, globally girls are excluded from primary school
• War disrupts children’s educational experiences

Question 9

Public versus private schools

Answer 9

Public:
- Funded by governments
- Follow the states teaching certification guidelines
- Required to provide services for students with special needs
- Need to administer state summative testing
Private:
- funded by tuition
- create school-based teaching certifications guidelines
- not required to provide services for student with special needs
- does not need to admit to state summative testing

Question 10

Inequality between schools: public versus private

Answer 10

U.S. private schools tend to enroll:
- disproportionally white students
- high-earning, highly educated family backgrounds
- fewer English language learners and students with disabilities (private schools are now covered by IDEA)

Question 11

Inequality between schools: funding and segregation

Answer 11

• local property taxes generate the most funding -> the wealthiest children get the most expensive educations
• Low-income populations = less school resources / more challenges
• Proposed solutions (e.g., school assignment, magnet schools, open enrollment) have not fixed inequalities and have produced new social problems

Question 12

Academics tracking

Answer 12

• academic tracking places students on pathways characterized by different academic experiences and outcomes

Question 13

Explicit and implicit tracking

Answer 13

Explicit - specialized schools, AP/honors
Implicit - implicit bias of school officials

Question 14

Inequality within schools: discipline

Answer 14

• Disparities in discipline along race, class, gender lines

• criminalizing routine misbehavior -> school-to-prison pipeline

• suspension effects on student outcome:
◦ Less instructional time
◦ Stigma
◦ Higher likelihood of disengaging

Question 15

Inequality within schools: hidden curriculum

Answer 15

• unwritten and sometimes unintended lessons about values and behaviors that schools convey and students infer

Question 16

Inequity outside of schools

Answer 16

• School readiness varies with socioeconomic status

• Shadow education: families purchase private tutoring, online courses, and cram sessions with the aim of improving students’ performance coursework and tests

• among lower SES, more summer learning loss and issues with technology