chapter 11

Question 1

broken windows policing

Answer 1

cracking down on low-level disorderly behavior (e.g., panhandling) or disorder in the neighborhood, like graffiti, litter, and broken windows

Question 2

collateral consequences

Answer 2

the long-term consequences of having a criminal record, such as inability to secure housing, gain admission to college, and in some states, even vote

Question 3

community policing

Answer 3

police increase contact with residents and partner with neighborhood organizations to seek solutions to particular neighborhood concerns

Question 4

criminalization

Answer 4

the process of making an action a criminal one, or a person a criminal, by creating a law

Question 5

decriminalization

Answer 5

the process of changing the law so that an action is no longer considered a criminal offense

Question 6

felonies

Answer 6

serious criminal offenses that can result in prison terms of a year or longer

Question 7

legal cynicism

Answer 7

the belief that the legal system and police are not doing a good job ensuring public safety

Question 8

misdemeanors

Answer 8

less serious criminal offenses with punishments of fines, community service, probation, and jail terms of under 1 year

Question 9

police brutality

Answer 9

excessive use of force by police officers

Question 10

recidivism

Answer 10

criminal reoffending that takes place after criminal sanctions have been imposed