chapter 4 Flashcards
gender
a socially constructed concept that we learn through socialization within a specific culture
sex
`refers to physical and sexual characteristics
gender ideology
Gender binary: where we believe in 2 gender options; male and female
individual level of gender inequality
focuses on how gender influences individual behaviors
interactional level of gender inequality
focuses on social interactions and interpersonal relationships (where we discuss gender meanings)
institutional level
focuses on how social institutions are organizes (gender starts to become a part of how we are socially developed
patriarchy
a section or organization where men have higher status than women, that provides the foundation from which societies create and maintain gender inequality.
- men hold almost all across society
- male centered -> when it prioritizes the activities and beliefs of men
sexual violence
sexual act committed against someone without a person’s freely given consent
rape culture
social norms, cultural practices, and social institutions condone men’s objectification of and access to women’s bodies
Title IX
1972
Violence Against Women Act
1994
Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay ACt
2009
Women’s March
2017
First women (an person of color) as Vice President
2021
Gender
A socially constructed concept that we learn through socialization within a specific culture; not something we innately are (like our sex) but something we do
gender binary
The idea that there are only two categories of people: female-bodied feminine people and male-bodied masculine people
gender ideology
the dominant belief system about how gender should be organized and practiced
gender policing
The enforcement of culturally accepted gender norms
gender socializing
the process through which we learn gender norms and expectations
Gender wage gap
The difference between the incomes of women and men who work year-round, full-time
gendered based acitivism
Social activism focused on various forms of gender inequality, ranging from interpersonal to institutional
gendered social problems
social problems that have strong gendered patterns
glass ceiling
The institutional barriers within a workplace hierarchy that prevent women from reaching upper-level positions
glass escalator
A term used to explain how when men enter female-dominated professions, like nursing, elementary education, social work, and library science, they experience advantages in pay, promotions, and support from colleagues and supervisors
intersectionality
The idea that our social identities—particularly marginalized identities—intersect in important and consequential ways; also the recognition that many social structures interact to determine life chances
patriarchial culture
A form of organization, in which men have higher status than women, that provides the foundation from which societies create and maintain gender inequality
pornification of culture
The dominance of pornographic imagery and values in popular culture; women are almost always the targets of pornified images.
rape culture
A culture in which social norms, cultural practices, and social institutions condone men’s objectification of and access to women’s bodies
sex
our physical, sexual characteristics
sexual harassment
Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical harassment of a sexual nature, or offensive remarks about a person’s gender
sexual objectification of women
When women are portrayed merely as objects of sexual desire for the heterosexual male viewer, without their own personalities or agency
sexual violence
“A sexual act committed against someone without that person’s freely given consent” (Smith et al., 2015)
social construction of gender
The process of creating social understandings about what it means to be a woman or man (and girl or boy) in society
street harassment
“Unwanted comments, gestures, and actions forced on a stranger in a public place without their consent and … directed at them because of their actual or perceived sex, gender, gender expression, or sexual orientation” (Stop Street Harassment, 2018)
