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social problems > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

what was the Great Depression meant to help?

A

It was meant to help the working class
- just like this the New Deal was meant to provide relief for the unemployed and poor, and reforming the systems

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2
Q

Durkheim’s work Suicide examined the impact of culture and society on the health of the population. This study can be categorized in the genre of ______.

A

fundamental cause theory

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3
Q

Among which generation are people least likely to support the idea of a democratically elected government?

A

generation z

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4
Q

how do older people compare to younger people in terms of political power and attitudes towards democracy

A

older people have more political power

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5
Q

know how to answer a short response on The Protest Psychosis

A

Central argument: a rise in diagnoses of schizophrenia in Black men that was tied to social and political problems (climate) at the time
Key concepts: the medicalization of Schizophrenia, the racialization of Schizophrenia, the role of psychiatry and their interaction with race and mental health, the social construction of Schizophrenia

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6
Q

what are the five basic social institutions

A

government, economy, religion, family, education

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7
Q
  • Among the following institutions, which is the most trusted public institution in the
    United States: the presidency, Congress, the military, the police, the criminal justice system, and the U.S. Supreme Court?
A

the military?

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8
Q
  • Among the following institutions, which is the least trusted public institution in the United States: the presidency, Congress, the military, the police, the criminal justice system, and the U.S. Supreme Court?
A

Congress?

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9
Q

why did the government of the United States survive the Great Depression

A

There are many reasons including:
- Roosevelt’s decisiveness and power to establish The New Deal to provide relief for the unemployed, struggling, recover the economy, and reform the system
- public support for the reform of the world
- most importantly Roosevelt helped to restore the Americans faith in their institutions

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10
Q

what is medicalization

A
  • the process by which medical professionals take control of some aspect of human life. The medical community redefines an issue as one of being sick or being well
    • something that previously was not seen as a medical problem and is made one
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11
Q

demedicalization

A

this is when a condition that was previously perceived as a medical problems no longer falls under the purview of medical institutions

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12
Q

what is social epidemiology

A
  • the study of how social position and behaviors affect health and illness
    • the study of how factors affect the distribution and determinants of health and diseases in populations
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13
Q

what is fundamental cause theory

A
  • the root causes of health inequalities, influencing a wide range of health outcomes across time and place, and acting through multiple mechanisms
    • posits that socioeconomic status is a primary determinant of health across different social contexts
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14
Q

what social conditions can be used to explain inequality in access to health care

A

socioeconomic status
race, ethnicity, and gender
geography/background of where you live

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15
Q

what are the four ways that people are covered in the U.S. healthcare system

A
  • Government programs (Medicare, Medicaid, CHIP)
  • Individual market (Affordable care act and Health insurance marketplace)
  • Employer Sponsored Insurance
  • uninsured
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16
Q

define contested illness

A

a health condition about which there is little or no consensus about their causes, symptomology, treatment, which makes the physicians reluctant to define them as physical illnesses

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17
Q

how do government policies impact the health of individuals

A
  • access to health care -> how much they regulate of provide insurance or coverage
  • health and safety regulations
  • health promotion and disease prevention
  • social determinants of health and how where you live effects this
  • health inequalities and biases
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18
Q

government health policies shape what

A

they shape the health outcomes of individuals not only by determining what access they have but how enthusiastic that person should be about going to get that care

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19
Q

what is title 1

A

a U.S. government program that allocates federal aid to schools with large proportions of low-income students. these schools must use the Title 1 funding to support at-risk students by implementing evidence-based practices that increase student achievement and parent involvement

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20
Q

what title 1 allow

A

allowed for federal funding, targeted assistance, schoolwide programs

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21
Q

what does title 1 promote

A

title 1 promotes equitable education funding as it required a combination of targeted things that change state and local funding formulas to ensure resources are increasing the the areas needed while also still providing for others. Essentially making sure everyone has what they need, but lessen the gap between disadvantaged individuals and advantaged ones.

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22
Q

what is the purpose of schooling from the status attainment perspective

A

the status attainment theory says that schools systemically, efficiently, and impartially provide access to valuable skills, knowledge, and credentials
- being able to provide individuals knowledge, skills, and credentials to achieve statuses in life

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23
Q

what is the purpose of schooling from the social reproduction perspective

A
  • schools reproduce social stratification, helping society function but also benefiting some more than others (and then justifying it)
    • the purpose is not to promote equality or social mobility, but reproduce existing inequalities
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24
Q

in the social reproduction theory what do low and high income schools emphasize?

A

students social locations are used when designing educational experiences
- low-income schools emphasize discipline and obedience
- high-income schools promote critical thinking and obedience

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25
Q

What is IDEA

A
  • individuals with disabilities education act
    • helps to ensure students with disabilities have access to a free and appropriate public education
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26
Q

IDEA is a critical framework for what?

A

serves as a critical framework for special education in United States, setting out specific guidelines and rights to support children with disabilities in education settings
- supports educational equality, inclusion, and all individuals personal needs

27
Q

how do U.S. education funding patterns create inequalities between schools?

A
  • reliance on property (or local) taxes for funding can lead to struggling to raise money for schools. Wealthy areas will be better off
  • Wealthier districts will always have more opportunities, better resources.
  • the infrastructure and segregation will depend on the location of schools. Poorer infrastructure in poorer areas
  • the disparities in schools will affect achievement levels of students
28
Q

implicit versus explicit tracking

A

implicit - are like the implicit biases of school officials
Unconscious
explicit - specialized schools, AP honors
Conscious

29
Q

implicit and explicit consequences

A

implicit - might unconsciously provide more challenging work to white or wealthier students and give easier to lower income or minority people
- when school officials’ assumptions shape their expectations of, and behaviors toward, students in subtle ways
explicit - high-achieving placed in AP or honors while struggling students are placed in remedial courses or vocational tracks
- occurs when policies or people guide students into certain areas of study

30
Q

define hidden curriculum

A

unwritten - and sometimes unintended - lessons about values and behaviors that schools convey and students infer

31
Q

how do discipline disparities and hidden curriculums shape schooling experiences for low-income and minoritized students

A
  • typically leads to more students of minority being pushed out of school and into the criminal justice system.
  • will lead to learning loss and a higher likelihood of disengagement and dropping out from school
  • can negatively impact self-esteem as they will internalize beliefs inside them
32
Q

what is a personal family

A
  • a social unit consisting of individuals who are related by biological, legal, or emotional ties
    • personal definitions acknowledge emotional bond importance
33
Q

what is a legal family

A
  • a family unit that is recognized by law, with rights, responsibilities, and legal protections
    from biological, marital, of adoptive relationships
34
Q

what does it mean to say that family is a social institution

A
  • family is a structured and organized set of relationships and roles that are established to fulfill certain functions
35
Q

the types of family violence

A

maltreatment
intimate partner violence
elder abuse

36
Q

maltreatment

A

the harmful or abusive treatment of an individual which is typically within a caregiving or familial context.
- includes what causes physical, emotional, or psychological damage to the victim.

37
Q

intimate partner violence

A

violence that takes place among those currently or formerly in a romantic relationship. It does not require that partners share a household, and it includes physical violence, threats, coercion, isolation, and stalking

38
Q

elder abuse

A

the physical, emotional, or sexual maltreatment of older adults

39
Q

what is the ideology of intensive mothering and how is this related to the construction of “bad moms”

A
  • the cultural and social belief system that position motherhood as the most important and demanding aspect
    • it is said the “bad moms” are ones that fail to meet the high expectations of the world’s ideologized version of motherhood
40
Q

ideology standards of intensive mothering

A
  • being child-centered
  • being constantly emotionally accessible to children
  • continuously observe/respond to children’s psychological states
  • provide endless enriching child-centered activities
  • be deeply invested in children’s intellectual growth
41
Q

what is the sandwich generation

A

when middle-age people are tending to children and aging parents

42
Q

what impacts have high levels of debt had on families?

A
  • can affect financial stability, emotional well-being, and overall quality of living.
    • there is a divide in the family prospects of people with and without debt
    • leads to an uptake in adults who move back in with their parents after living on their own do to financial reasons
43
Q

in what ways has mass incarceration affected families

A
  • children with incarcerated parents tend to experience greater economic hardships, more mental health challenges, more behavior problems
  • shapes family life by altering sex ratios and diminishing relationship prospects
  • disproportionately effects African Americans and contributes to growing racial inequalities
44
Q

define criminalization

A

the process of making an action a criminal one, or a person a criminal, by creating a law

45
Q

define decriminalization

A

the process of changing a law so that an action is no longer considered a criminal offense

46
Q

types of criminal offenses

A

felonies
misdemeanors

47
Q

felonies

A

are regarded as serious offenses, which usually face lengthy prison terms

48
Q

misdemeanors

A

are less serious offenses with punishments of fines, community service, probation, and jail terms of under 1 year

49
Q

what is the broken windows policy

A

is rooted in the idea that minor crimes lead to more serious crimes by increasing the residents fear and causing them to withdraw from public life.

50
Q

how has the broken windows perspective influenced policing

A
  • has led to a shift towards zero-tolerance policies, and approaching the theory that emphasizes controlling behaviors to maintain appearances of social order
  • there is a focus on higher crime neighborhoods and it leads to a higher police presence in public spaces.
51
Q

why is the broken windows policy controversial

A

is disproportionate against minority and low income communities as biases and racism still exist.
can lead to in some areas a sense of distrust in police
can lead to higher levels of incarceration for less serious offenses especially, and a higher potential for police brutality since police are more in areas of minority.

52
Q

what is community policing

A

a policing strategy focusing on trying to build and maintain positive relationships and partnerships between law officers and their community

53
Q

what aspects of life does having a criminal record negatively affect

A
  • the ability to get a job, and then be able to advance in a profession
    - can cause financial instability and lack of personal growth
  • the ability to apply for housing applications and own a house or apartment
  • a stigmatization in social and relationship life
  • may not be able to vote
  • may be less likely to receive and education and aid to help you attend school
  • mental health struggles
54
Q

the three large components of the criminal justice system

A

law enforcement
the courts
corrections

55
Q

what are some recent efforts to minimize the negative consequences of criminal records,

A

some recent efforts:
- impugnment or sealing of records
- ban the box law
- restorative and reentry programs
- reform

56
Q

what are some barriers to effectively minimizing those consequences of criminal records?

A
  • working on the public stigma and discrimination
  • access to resources
  • reintegration programs to help them reenter into normal life living effectively
  • working to provide equal opportunities for all individuals
57
Q

what is the ban-the-box movement

A

the is a movement that is calling for the active and permanent removal of the criminal record box on job applications

58
Q

central argument and key concept of Lara-Millan, “Public Emergency Room Overcrowding in the Era of Mass Imprisonment”

A

central argument - ER overcrowding is due to mass incarceration but also systemic healthcare inequalities
key concepts - mass imprisonment, criminalization of health issues, ER overcrowding, feedback loop between healthcare systems and incarceration

59
Q

central argument and key concepts of Pfohl, “The Discovery of Child Abuse”

A

central argument - that the concept of child abuse is a social problem and construction that emerged through changing aspects of the world.
key concepts - social construction of child abuse, moral panic of abuse, role of professionals and institutions in abuse, intervention and surveillance of abuse, cultural and social changes

60
Q

central argument and key concepts of Rafalovich, “Relational Troubles and Semi-Official Suspicion”

A

central argument - the idea that child sexual abuse and of forms of violence are increasingly understood through the idea of being ‘semiofficial’ and being scrutinized morally and legally
key concepts - semi-official suspicion, relational troubles, professionals and their surveillance, the framework, impact on victims

61
Q

central argument and key concepts of Quadagno, “Institutions, Interest Groups, and Ideology”

A

central argument - that the development and structure of social policies are not determined by society, but all parts of the world including peoples ideologies
key concepts - world institutions, ideologies, groups in the culture, politics, power and social policy

62
Q

central argument and key concepts of Winnick, “From Quackery to Complementary Medicine”

A

central argument - that complementary and alternative medicine was once a quackery and illegitimate, but has undergone a shift to become validated and legitimate
key concepts - quackery to complementary medicine, legitimacy and construction, cultural shifts rising to holistic care, cultural and social authority, scientific validation

63
Q

What are the three reasons Americans have lost faith in the media?

A

Perceived biases, spread of false information, cultural, social, or ideological divides

64
Q
  • What is the impact of social media on democratic governance?
A

Has both positive and negative impacts
- Positive: increases political participation and engagement, increased accountability
- Negative: spread of misinformation and disinformation, undermining trust in institutions, violence

social problems (15 decks)

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