chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

color-blind racism

A

The assertion that race no longer matters and that any persisting racial inequalities are best explained by individual efforts or imagined cultural traits

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2
Q

controlling images

A

Intensely familiar racial stereotypes reinforced by media representations and political discourse, which influence public policy and perpetuate racial inequality

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3
Q

double consciousness

A

African Americans’ dual awareness of who they know themselves to be and how others see them according to racial stereotypes and expectations

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4
Q

economic capital

A

Material resources, including income, property, and wealth

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5
Q

ethnicity

A

A cultural category marking shared traditions and communities, which may be based on religion, national origin, or other cultural practices

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6
Q

gentrification

A

A process that occurs when wealthier (and therefore often whiter) people buy dilapidated homes in poor communities, thereby pushing out working class and poor communities (usually of color)

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7
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

Laws established by former Confederate states that effectively guaranteed second-class citizenship for people of color, limiting the citizenship rights and emancipation that the 14th Amendment had provided

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8
Q

microagressions

A

Common, seemingly innocent statements or questions that reflect racial biases and perceptions about a group’s intelligence and worth

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9
Q

prejudice

A

Individual biases and belief systems that attribute characteristics to a group of people so that we prejudge group members

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10
Q

race

A

A category of identity that is determined by the society that surrounds it; in the United States, this includes Black, White, Asian, Latinx, and Native American.

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11
Q

racial discrimination

A

The differential treatment of people based on their race

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12
Q

racial privilege

A

Unearned advantages based on race

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13
Q

racial profiling

A

Using race to screen for problematic individual behaviors

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14
Q

racialization

A

The process of assigning people a race, along with the personality, behavioral, and social characteristics associated with that race, based on physical or cultural cues (e.g., skin color or speech patterns)

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15
Q

racism

A

A system of advantage and disadvantage based on race; these advantages and disadvantages exist because of institutional, historical, ideological, economic, and political forces.

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16
Q

redlining

A

Policies that made the racial composition of a neighborhood a central variable in determining its value and therefore determining the eligibility for mortgage loans in those areas
- facilitated residential segregation and low return on POC housing; legal until fair housing act of 1968

17
Q

social movements

A

Collective actions meant to influence social change

18
Q

voter suppresion

A

Efforts to limit the voting potential of a given population through indirect measures

19
Q

white flight

A

When White families move after people of color move into their neighborhood, for fear of living by black and brown people or that their homes will lose much of their value when the neighborhood becomes racially integrated

20
Q

similarities and differences of the U.S. racial classification

A

similarities:
origins
differences:
race mentioned versus not mentioned, place or origin, some more specific than others, tribal recognition

21
Q

double consciousness

A

African Americans’ dual awareness of who they know themselves to be and how others see them according to racial stereotypes

22
Q

naturalization act of 1970

A
  • explicitly stated that only “free white persons” were eligible for citizenship”
  • the racial clarification supported:
    • the institution of slavery
    • the conquest for Native Americans
    • the restriction of rights for Asians and Latinxs
23
Q

Land acts

A

(late 1800s - early 1900s)
- homesteading act
- gave 10% of U.S. lands to any white family willing to work to “improve” the land
- Disenfranchised many Native Americans

23
Q

Alien Land Acts

A
  • restricted agricultural land ownership to citizens
  • prohibited Asian immigrants from owning farms
23
Q

Slavery

A
  • slavery was legal in the United States until 1868
  • racial justifications established racism as a social practice
24
Q

racism has led to?

A

led to the unequal distribution of capital impacting people’s opportunities

25
Q

what is racism

A
  • racism and racial inequalities persist through words and actions
  • prejudice constitutes individual biases and belief systems -> racial dsicrimination
26
Q

Naturalization Act of 1790

A
  • Explicitly stated that only “free white persons” were eligible for citizenship
  • this racial clarification supported:
    ◦The institution of slavery
    ◦The conquest of native Americans
    ◦The restriction of rights for Asians and Latinxs
27
Q

The Land Acts

A

Homesteading Acts (available until 1976)
Land Acts (late 1800s-early 1900s)
◦Gave 10% of U.S. lands to any white family willing to work to “improve” the land
◦Disenfranchised many Native Americans
- Alien Land Acts
◦Restricted agricultural land ownership to citizens
◦Prohibited Asian immigrants from owning farms.

28
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A
  • Slavery was legal in the United States until 1868
  • Racial justifications established racism as a social practice
  • Jim Crow Laws
    ◦Limited citizenship rights and emancipation provided by 14th amendment
    ◦Legal until Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s-1960s
29
Q

Urban renewal, white flight, and gentrification

A

Abolishment of redlining resulted in white flight (white families moving to
suburbs)
* Gentrification:
Changing the character of a poor urban area through influx of
wealthier new residents and investments
* displacing current inhabitants in the process

30
Q

Social problems, race, and racism

A
  • Social: racial profiling segregation, and micro-aggressions
  • political: voter suppression, gerrymandering, and laws and politics
  • economic: hiring and pay discrimination, the ability to get a loan
31
Q

social movements and intersectionality

A

Social movement: Collective actions meant to influence social change.

  • social movements are integral to anti-racism efforts
  • decisions to vote impact elections, society, and you
    ◦Vote for candidates who enact policies and legislation that address racism and
    racial inequality
    ‣ Voting is a way to assert their own will in the U.S. democracy
32
Q

intersectionality

A

“intersectionality is a metaphor for understanding the ways that multiple
forms of inequality or disadvantage sometimes compound themselves and create obstacles
that often are not understood among conventional ways of thinking.” (Kimberle Crenshaw)

33
Q
A