chapter 3 Flashcards
color-blind racism
The assertion that race no longer matters and that any persisting racial inequalities are best explained by individual efforts or imagined cultural traits
controlling images
Intensely familiar racial stereotypes reinforced by media representations and political discourse, which influence public policy and perpetuate racial inequality
double consciousness
African Americans’ dual awareness of who they know themselves to be and how others see them according to racial stereotypes and expectations
economic capital
Material resources, including income, property, and wealth
ethnicity
A cultural category marking shared traditions and communities, which may be based on religion, national origin, or other cultural practices
gentrification
A process that occurs when wealthier (and therefore often whiter) people buy dilapidated homes in poor communities, thereby pushing out working class and poor communities (usually of color)
Jim Crow Laws
Laws established by former Confederate states that effectively guaranteed second-class citizenship for people of color, limiting the citizenship rights and emancipation that the 14th Amendment had provided
microagressions
Common, seemingly innocent statements or questions that reflect racial biases and perceptions about a group’s intelligence and worth
prejudice
Individual biases and belief systems that attribute characteristics to a group of people so that we prejudge group members
race
A category of identity that is determined by the society that surrounds it; in the United States, this includes Black, White, Asian, Latinx, and Native American.
racial discrimination
The differential treatment of people based on their race
racial privilege
Unearned advantages based on race
racial profiling
Using race to screen for problematic individual behaviors
racialization
The process of assigning people a race, along with the personality, behavioral, and social characteristics associated with that race, based on physical or cultural cues (e.g., skin color or speech patterns)
racism
A system of advantage and disadvantage based on race; these advantages and disadvantages exist because of institutional, historical, ideological, economic, and political forces.