Purposive Communication Flashcards
This is an act or process of transmitting information, meanings, feelings, and ideas through the exchange of participant’s verbal and nonverbal messages.
Communication
The word “Communication” is derived from the Latin word [blank], which means to [blank].
communis; confer with other
This refers to the process of human beings responding to the symbolic behavior of other people. Also, who said this?
Communication; Adler and Rodman
Communication is changing constantly. This means that communication is?
Dynamic
The elements of communication are working together to achieve its desired outcome. This means that communication is?
Systematic
Communication events are a unique combination of people, messages, and situations. This means that communication is?
Transactional
For communication to achieve its purpose, it must adapt to changes. This means that communication is?
Adaptive
Communication is an ongoing process with no beginning and end. This means that communication is?
Continuous
The one who sends the message is what component of communication?
Sender
This is the process of selecting a code or language to express intentions, thoughts, and feelings to a specific receiver.
Encoding
This is the process of interpreting a message; identifying the code and changing it into its appropriate meaning.
Decoding
The key idea to be communicated is what component of communication?
Message
To whom the message is aimed is what component of communication?
Receiver
The medium by which the message is transmitted is what component of communication?
Channel
This can be verbal or nonverbal; it helps the receiver to confirm the right interpretation of the message. What component of communication is this?
Feedback
One of the barriers which interferes with the communication is what component of communication?
Noise
These barriers are caused due to improper communication between the sender and the receiver. This is also known as language barriers.
Semantic barriers
A communication barrier referring to the sender/receiver’s state of mind (which can make it difficult to understand the information that’s being conveyed, leading to misunderstanding).
Psychological barriers
A communication barrier that arises due to certain factors such as faulty equipment, noise, closed doors, and cabins that may cause the information sent to become distorted.
Physical barriers
This is the time and place in which communication occurs.
Communicative Solution
A communication barrier caused by the structure or the rules and regulations present in an organization.
Organizational barriers
A communication barrier that arises due to a lack of similarities among the different cultures across the world.
Cultural barriers
What are the 7Cs of Communication?
Cle-Con-Con-Com-Cor-Cour-Coh
- Clear
- Concise
- Concrete
- Complete
- Correct
- Courteous
- Coherent
Any material things that signifies (e.g. facial expression, image)
Signifier
The concept that a signifier refers to is called?
Signified
A communication barrier that arises when the sender/receiver is not in a position to clearly express or receive messages due to bodily issues like dyslexia, deafness, nerve disorders, stress, etc.
Physiological barriers
The study of the social meaning of the material placement of signs in the world. (Why is that sign placed in that spot specifically?)
Geosemiotics
The study of signs, symbols, and signification. It is the study of how meaning is created, not what it is. (What does this sign mean?)
Semiotics
Signs where the signifier resembles the signified (e.g. statues, cartoons, pictures)
Iconic signs
Signs where the signifier is caused by the signified, indicating a cause-and-effect relationship between the sign and the meaning of the sign (e.g. smoke signifies a fire)
Indexical Signs
The most basic or literal meaning of a sign (e.g. the word “black” signifies a certain hue of color).
Denotation
A branch of semiotics that illustrates that the process of semiosis is a “triadic relationship” between a sign or representamen (a first), an object (a second) and an interpretant (a third).
Peircean Semiotics
According to him, the sign consists of a signifier and signified.
(Clue: Plates are a sign and signifier.)
De Saussure (Saucer)
Who said “Communication is the sum of all things”?
Allen Louis
Who said “Communication is the transferring of information from one person to another”?
Henry Klutz
Who said “Communication is the exchange of ideals, feelings, and emotions between two or more persons”?
George Terry
Who said “The purpose of passing information and understanding between two persons…without bridge of communication”?
Keith Davis
Form of communication where the message is transmitted verbally (usually in person).
Verbal communication
Form of communication that includes paper, pen, documents, emails, etc. Indispensable for legal actions and formal business communication.
Written communication
Form of communication that is of spoken word (can be through phone, voice chat, video call, etc.)
Oral communication
A level of verbal communication done when you talk to yourself by thinking
Intrapersonal communication
A level of verbal communication done between and among people
Interpersonal communication
Type of interpersonal communication involving the sharing of ideas or information between TWO persons
Dyadic communication
Type of interpersonal communication involving a collaborative and systematic sharing of ideas and information among THREE to EIGHT persons.
Small Group Discussion
Type of interpersonal communication involving a speaker addressing an audience.
Large Group Communication/Public Communication
Type of interpersonal communication involving the usage of radio, television, etc., allowing the message to reach a very large audience
Mass communication
Form of communication that looks into the body language of the speaker.
Nonverbal Communication
What are the three elements of nonverbal communication?
Appearance, Body Language, Sounds
Type of nonverbal communication that studies spatial communication—how people perceive the physical environment around them.
Proxemics
This refers to space four or more feet away from our body; communication is formal and not intimate.
Public space
Refers to space four to twelve feet away from your body; has professional or casual interaction but not intimate and public.
Social space
Refers to space that starts at our body to four feet away from it; reserved from friends, acquaintances, and significant others.
Personal space
Refers to space 1.5 feet away from our body; reserved for only the closest friends, family, romantic partners.
Intimate space
A branch of nonverbal communication that refers to ways in which people and animals convey messages through the sense of touch.
Haptics
Refers to how people use space to communicate ownership
Territoriality
The study of movements (hands, arms, legs, and face movements).
Kinesics
It is the organ of emotions
Face
The study of how time affects communication.
Chronemics
Body language that refers to one’s head movements, facial expressions, etc.
Gestures
Behaviors that indicates internal state (e.g. anxiety)
Adaptors
Specific agreed on meanings
Emblems
Used to illustrate the verbal message they accompany
Illustrators
These gestures are used to acknowledge and communicate interests/attentiveness
Head movements and posture
Refers to the use of the face and eyes when communicating
Oculesics/eye contact
Smiles are powerful communicative signals. These are an example of?
Facial expressions
This is the study of paralanguage, including vocal quality.
Vocalics
The use of objects, clothes, or accessories to aid communication.
Object Language
Form of communication that uses visuals to convey messages such as signs, symbols, maps, graphs, etc.
Visual communication
This refers to the vertical and horizontal communication that flows through the path specified by the official hierarchical structure and related task requirements.
Formal Communication
Type of formal communication that flows from the higher level to the lower level. Superiors use this type of communication to transmit work-related information.
Downward communication
Type of formal communication that flows to the higher level of an organization. Employees use this type of communication to convey their situations and ideas to their superiors.
Upward communication
Type of formal communication that can be used between individuals and departments who are in the same hierarchical level.
Horizontal or Lateral communication
Type of formal communication that involves direct dialogue between employees of differing ranks who are not in the same chain of command.
Diagonal communication
Interactions held in a casual and conversational way are called?
Informal communication
A type of informal communication where one person communicates to another person, and then they go and communicate to another person.
Single strand
A type of informal communication where a group of people talk informally to each other
Gossip chain
A type of informal communication where each person randomly tells another person the same message.
Probability chain
A type of informal communication where a person randomly shares information to a group of people, and people from this group share the info to others.
Cluster chain
Communication that means talking to oneself
Intrapersonal
Communication between two or more people
Interpersonal
Who examined intrapersonal communication through the eight basic concepts of the communication process?
Shedletsky
According to Shedletsky, what are the eight basic concepts of the communication process? (SRM-CFE-CI)
- Source
- Receiver
- Message
- Channel
- Feedback
- Environment
- Context
- Interference
What are the eight stages in the communication cycle? (T-SET-RDRM)
- Thinking
- Symbolizing
- Expressing
- Transmitting
- Receiving
- Decoding
- Reacting
- Monitoring
A type of speaker that moves from one direction to the next while talking to “walk off” his nervousness.
The Moving Target
A type of speaker that uses “high sounding” profound terms, or technical language that is over and beyond the understanding of the audience.
The Great Scientist
A type of speaker that fills his talk with jokes.
The Comedian
A type of speaker that brings a lot of things with them to divert his talk.
The Musician
A type of speaker that has an outline while talking and his eyes are stuck on his notes.
The Near-sighted Note Nibbler
A type of speaker that has a lot of mannerisms while talking.
The Preening Peacock
A type of speaker that keeps on spilling his notes in front of his audience.
The Fumbler
A type of listener who always nods when the speaker talks
The Nodding Neddie
A type of listener who is physically present but mental absent
The Pre-Occupied Peter
A type of listener whose eyes are busy looking around.
The Wandering Willie
A type of listener who challenges the speaker’s mastery of the topic being discussed by asking questions.
The Constant Challenger
A type of listener who is a “busy bee”
The Garrulous Gabber
A type of listener who is focused, reserved, and an overall good listener.
The Reticent Reactor
Aristotle’s Communication Model is a [blank]-centered model.
Speaker
What are the five basic elements of Aristotle’s Communication Model? (SS-OA-E)
- Speaker
- Speech
- Occasion
- Audience
- Effect
Aristotle believed that [blank] is the faculty of observing the available means of persuasion.
Rhetoric
Under Aristotle’s Communication Model, there a four steps to being a speaker. Arrange the steps below accordingly:
I. He clothes the ideas in clear, compelling words.
II. He discovers some logical, emotional, and ethical proofs.
III. He arranges these materials strategically.
IV. He delivers the resulting speech appropriately.
II, III, I, IV
This model is known as the “Mother of all Models” with a focus on the role noise plays in communication.
Shannon-Weaver Model
Under the Shannon-Weaver Model, this is information source.
Sender
Under the Shannon-Weaver Model, this is the machine or person that converts the idea into signals that can be sent from the sender to receiver.
Encoder
Under the Shannon-Weaver Model, this is the medium that gets information from the sender and transmitter through to the decoder and receiver.
Channel
Under the Shannon-Weaver Model, this is what interrupts a message.
Noise
Under the Shannon-Weaver Model, this refers to anything going on inside the body of the transactor which causes a distraction.
Internal noise
Under the Shannon-Weaver Model, this refers to something external that impedes the message.
External noise
Under the Shannon-Weaver Model, this is the process of translating a message from its original format into one that is meaningful for the receiver.
Decoder
Under the Shannon-Weaver Model, this is the listener, reader, or observer of the message intended to them.
Receiver
Under the Shannon-Weaver Model, this is the response to the sender to close the communication loop. It is the transfer of the receiver’s reaction back to the sender.
Feedback
A model of communication which depicts communication as a non-linear, evolutionary process. The model is represented by a helix that continually grows and expands as communication moves forward while still being influenced by past interactions.
Dance’s Helical Model
A model of communication which focuses on the effect of communication. Effect is the measurable and obvious change in the receiver of the message.
Laswell’s Model
A model of communication which postulates that the sender and receiver must be on the same level.
Berlos’ SMCR Model
(Clue: The SM CR is on the same level.)
What are the four components of Berlos’ SMCR Model?
Source, Message, Channel, Receiver
A model of communication known as the cyclical model, claiming that communication is a TWO-WAY street.
(Clue: Sharm walks in a two way street)
Schramm’s Model of 1954
Who wrote the Universal Law of Communication, emphasizing that communication is a vital tool enabling creatures to share information about their presence and condition?
(Clue: Scut is a universal law)
S.F Scudder
The most general model of communication, highlighting the turn-taking dynamic of senders and receivers when conveying and receiving information. Also relates to the social reality of an individual.
Transactional Model of Communication
What are the 7 principles of effective communication? (CAFICTA)
- Clarity
- Attention
- Feedback
- Informality
- Consistency
- Timeliness
- Adequacy
Tim tells you his honest thoughts, but also hurting you in the process. What principle of communication best reflects this?
Communication is an interaction situation wherein the participants are affected by each one’s behavior.
Bubs gives you the silent treatment. Though she does not speak, she crosses her arms and side eyes you. What principle of communication best reflects this?
One does communicate.
Yuri tells you to performed adequately. You interpret this as “not having performed excellently.” What principle of communication best reflects this?
The message received is not necessarily the message sent.
Marc tells you that he is feeling okay but his behavior tells you that he is sad. What principle of communication best reflects this?
Communication occurs simultaneously at more than one level.
When you go to DLSU, you will encounter people who will want to talk to you even though you’re not in the mood for it.
What principle of interpersonal communication best reflects this?
It is inescapable.
You admonish one of your members publicly in the group chat. Even though you apologize later on, you cannot take back what you said.
What principle of interpersonal communication best reflects this?
It is irreversible.
You organize a townhall session for TDM Geng. During the townhall, they all try to speak over each other instead of listening.
What principle of interpersonal communication best reflects this?
It is complicated.
Yuri frequently cusses during a conversation. To him it is okay since he’s from Australia, but to you, it comes off as unprofessional.
What principle of interpersonal communication best reflects this?
It is contextual.
What institution governs the ethics surrounding communication?
National Communication Association
You tell HR that you already have part-time working experience under AZIA, when in reality, this was only an internship experience.
What ethical principle of communication violates this?
Truthfulness, accuracy, honesty, and reason
Kath decides to file a lawsuit against people who criticize the National Mental Health Summit.
What ethical principle of communication do she violate?
Freedom of expression, diversity of perspective, and tolerance of dissent
Aegon calls the son of Rhaenyra a “bastard” since his father is not his real father, allowing rumors to spread.
What ethical principle of communication does he violate?
Communication that degrades individuals and humanity through distortion, intimidation, coercion, and violence
Mind You releases a statement apologizing for their partnership with Sara Duterte during the summit.
What ethical principle of communication do they adhere to?
Accepting responsibility for the consequences of communication
A term for emerging localized or indigenized varieties of English
World Englishes
The primary language of the majority population of a certain country.
(ENL) a native language
Additional language for intra-national and international communities
(ESL) a second language
Language used almost exclusively for international communication
(EFL) a foreign language
Conveyed formality of the speech based on the social context of the exchanged meanings. The level of formality in language that’s determined by the context in which it is spoken or written.
Register
A register that remains unchanged like an institution or prayer
Frozen/Static Register
Less rigid form of register but still constrained compared to static register
Formal register
Register used when asking someone with expertise on the topic being asked; respectful tone is evident
Consultative register
Register used when conversing with close friends and family members
Casual register
Register used for special occasions between only two people but in private.
Intimate register
Specialized terminology associated with a particular field which may not be understood by people outside the context of its area.
Jargon
Act of theft and publication of another author’s thoughts and ideas without proper acknowledgment from its owner.
Plagiarism
Act of reusing or duplicating your own work for another submission, without proper reference.
Self-plagiarism
The act of copying and compiling ideas from texts, phrases, or paragraphs without proper reference or crediting.
Mosaic plagiarism
Act of accidentally misquoting someone or paraphrasing a source using similar language without proper citation.
Accidental plagiarism
Most famous tradition in public speaking
Greco Roman Tradition
Who is the teacher of Rhetoric?
(Clue: I speak for the rhetoric of the trees.)
Corax
He believed that speech has three parts: introduction, evidence, conclusion
(Clue: Three…Ti….)
Tisias
Father of Debates
Protagoras
Father of Modern Communication
Aristotle
The use of logical arguments in speech
Is this logos, ethos, or pathos?
Logos
The use of emotional arguments in speech
Pathos
The use of a speaker’s character and credibility in speech
Is this logos, ethos, or pathos?
Ethos
The well-known orators (public speakers) in ancient Greek.
Demosthenes
The renowned Roman orator
Cicero
Roman educator and rhetorician
Quintillian
Well-known Filipino poet, who wrote Florante at Laura
Francisco Balagtas
A video-created presentation conference that has a maximum length of 18 minutes.
TED Talk. (Technology Entertainment Design)
Software that enables the world’s conversations, used to make free video and voice one-to-one and group calls, send instant messages and share files with other people.
Skype
A communications platform that allows users to connect with video, audio, phone, and chat.
Zoom
An internet search engine designed to retrieve and order search results
A free web-based learning platform where teachers can run a class online, create curriculums, etc.
Google Classroom
Computer-stored messages transmitted through a computer from one user to one or more recipients
A live video-based meeting between two or more people in different locations using video-enabled devices.
Video conferencing
An electronic communication sent and received by mobile phone
Text messages
A short informal letter or written message
Notes
An avenue of speaking to someone on the phone
Calls
Communication between you and a company that you have a business with
Outward communication
The manner in which a person communicates to someone
Tone
Known as the summary of what happened in the meeting
Minutes of the meeting
Its main function is to record information of immediate importance and interests.
Memorandum (Memo)
Its main purpose is to seek help of any kind from an individual or an organization
Letter of Requests
Its main purpose is to ensure the successful completion of the project
Progress report
Its content deals with unexpected events and explanations behind troublesome circumstances
Incident reports
A document designed to convince or persuade someone to follow or accept a specific course of action to address a problem
Project proposal
Language that is common to people regardless of class, gender, or race.
Vernacular
These are expected for continuous exchange of information
Dialogical
Products and services that provide information/entertainment in digital form.
New media (blogs, social media, online games, etc.)
English language in the new media is [blank], [blank], and [blank].
Brief, multimodal, and ideological
The largest area of language development
Internet
A document that describes your education, competence, and experience
Curriculum vitae
A brief summary of skills over one to two pages, highly customizable
resume
Right manner for acting on the internet
Netiquette
A style of expression that researchers use to define the intellectual boundaries of their disciplines and specific areas of expertise
Academic writing
The linguistic choices of a writer to effectively convey an idea
Academic Diction
The norms involved when writing and publishing scholastic works (such as citing sources)
Academic conventions
When a scholarly work needs to establish, prove, or disprove solutions to research questions, it can be described as?
Thesis-driven
Supporting your opinion using scholarly and credible sources demonstrates what kind of reasoning?
Evidenced-based reasoning
A figure of speech that emphasizes something by discussing the exact opposite of it.
Ex: Less is more.
Paradox
A figure of speech that downplays a reaction used for ironic effect.
Ex: Theia is not that tall (even though she’s a dwarf in reality).
Understatement
A figure of speech that uses a part of something to represent something associated with it.
Ex: Jon Snow swore allegiance to the crown (crown referring to Daenarys who wears a crown, but not to a literal crown itself.)
Metonymy
A figure of speech that addresses an absent object.
Ex: Love, love, where forth are thou, Love?
Apostrophe
A figure of speech that uses a part/component of something to represent something directly related to it, usually a body part.
Ex: Your new wheels look cool! (wheels = car)
Synecdoche
A figure of speech that combines two opposite meaning words for emphasis
Ex: deafening silence
Oxymoron
A figure of speech that uses negation to create an affirmative understatement.
Ex: Not bad for a rookie hehe ;)
Litotes
A figure of speech that repeats the BEGINNING consonant sounds of words.
Ex: Minnie Mouse
Alliteration
A figure of speech that repeats the BEGINNING, MIDDLE, and/or LAST consonants of words.
Ex: I celebrate myself, and sing myself
Consonance
A figure of speech that repeats vowel sounds.
Ex: Lazy Hazy Crazy Days of Summer
Assonance
