pure bio chapter 1 and 2

Question 1

chapter 1 (cells)

what are cells

Answer 1

Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things.

Question 2

chapter 1(cells)

what can you see under a light microscope?

Answer 2

cytoplasm
nucleus
cell membrane
cell wall
chloroplast
PLANT CELL VACUOLE

basic cell partsa

Question 3

chapter 1 (cells)

what can you see under an electron microscope?

Answer 3

basic cell parts( nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, plant cell vacuole, chloroplast) + rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, golgi body, michrodria, ANIMAL CELL VACUOLE

Question 4

chapter 1 (cells)

animal cell parts?

Answer 4

cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, small vacuole, vesicles, golgi body, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rimbosomes, mitochondria,

10

Question 5

chapter 1(cells)

plant cell parts

Answer 5

nucleus, cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, choloroplast, golgi body, vacuole (large), vesicles, mitochondria

12

Question 6

chapter 1(cells)

cell membrane
what is it+function

Answer 6

-made up of lipids
-partially permeable
-controls movement of substances in+out of cell

3

Question 7

chapter 1 (cells)

cell wall
what is it+function

Answer 7

-made up of cellulose
-fully permeable membrane
-protects cell from injury and give plant cell a fixed shape

3

Question 8

chapter 1 (cells)

cytoplasm
what is it+function

Answer 8

-made up of different organelles
-most cell activities occur there

2

Question 9

chapter 1(cells)

nucleus
what is it+function

Answer 9

-consists of genetic information (chromosomes)
-control cell activiteis (cell growth+repair)
-essential for cell division

3

Question 10

chapter 1(cell)

rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER)
what is it+function

Answer 10

-consits of network of flattened spaces
-transport proteins made by rimbosomes to golgi body

2

Question 11

chapter 1(cells)

rimbosomes
what is it+function

Answer 11

-small round structures
-synthesise proteins
-either attached to RER or lying freely
=»attached to RER: make proteins to be transported out of cell
=»lying freely: make proteins to use within cell

5

Question 12

chapter 1(cells)

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
what is it+function

Answer 12

-synthesise fats+steriods
-convet harmful substances into harmless substances thorugh DETOXIFICATION

2

Question 13

chapter 1(cells)

golgi body
what is it+function

Answer 13

-flattened spaces
-chemially modifies substances from ER
-stores+package subtances in secretory vesicles for secretion out of cell

3

Question 14

chapter 1(cells)

mitochondria
what is it+function

Answer 14

-where all energy are being released
-carry out aerobic respiration when food substances are broken down, to release energy
-energy used by cells to perform activities, cell growth+reproduction

3

Question 15

chapter 1(cells)

chloroplast
what is it+function

Answer 15

-oval structure
-contain chlorophyll
-carry out phtosyntesis

3

Question 16

chapter 1 cells

difference between animal and plant cell vacuoles

Answer 16

animall: small and many vacuoles that are temporary. they help store food and water

plant: large central pernement vacuoles. they help store sugars, mineral salts and amino acids in cell sap

Question 17

chapter 1(cells)

red blood cells
what is it+function

Answer 17

-contains haemoglobin
-binds oxygen+transport it around the body
-biconcave shape,icrease surface area-tovolume ration, increases oxygen diffused in+out
-no nucleus, increases haemoglobin for transport of oxygen
-flexible, can squeeze through capillaries easily

(cpecialised cells) 5

Question 18

chapter 1 (cells)

muscule cell
what is it+function

Answer 18

-many mitochondria
-»increase rate of aerobic respiration, increase energy released for cells to use for contraction+relexation

(specialised cells) 2

Question 19

chapter 1 (cells)

root hair cells
what is it+function+adaptation

Answer 19

-long, narrow root hair
-»increases surface area-to-volume ratio to absorb water+mineral salts at higher rate

(specialised cells) 2

Question 20

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

what is diffusion

Answer 20

diffusion is the net movement of particls from a region of higher concentratoin to a region of lower concentration, down a concentration gradient

Question 21

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

factors affecting diffusion

Answer 21

-concentration gradient
-diffusion distance
-surface area-to-volume ratio

3

Question 22

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

what is concentration gradient

Answer 22

the difference in conentration between 2 region

Question 23

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

r/s between concentration gradient and rate of diffusion

Answer 23

the steeper the concentration gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion

Question 24

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

r/s between diffusion distance and rate of diffusion

Answer 24

shorter the diffusion distance, rate of diffustion is higher

Question 25

# chapter 2 (movement of substances) r/s between surface area-to-volume ratio and rate of diffusion

Answer 25

as surface area-to-volume ratio increases, rate of diffusion decreases

Question 26

# chapter 2 (movement of substances) what is osmosis

Answer 26

osmosis is the net movement of water particles from a regeion of higher concentration to a regeion of lower concentration, down a concentration gradient, through a partially permeable membrane

Question 27

# chapter 2 (movement of substances) higher water potential =?

Answer 27

=lower solute concentration

Question 28

# chapter 2 (movement of substances) when plant cell is placed in solution with lower water potential

Answer 28

plant cell will shrink + become flaccid

Question 29

# chapter 2 (movement of substances) plant cell placed in solution with higher water potential

Answer 29

plant cell swells+ become turgid

Question 30

# chapter 2 (movement of substances) plant cell placed in solution with same water potential

Answer 30

no net movement

Question 31

# chapter 2 (movement of substances) animal cell placed in solution with lower water potential

Answer 31

shrink+crenates

Question 32

# chapter 2 (movement of substances) animal cell placed in solution with higher water potential

Answer 32

swells+bursts

Question 33

# chapter 2 (movement of substances) animal cell placed in solution with same water potential

Answer 33

no net movement

Question 34

# chapter 2 (movement of substances) what is turgor pressure

Answer 34

pressure exerted by water in vacuole on cell wall

Question 35

# chapter 2 (movement of substances) why do plant cells not burst

Answer 35

because of cell wall

Question 36

# chapter 2 (movement of substances) what is net movement

Answer 36

overall movement

Question 37

# chapter 2 (movement of substances) why is turgor important in plants

Answer 37

-turgor maintains shape of soft tissues in plants -higher rate of water loss from cells, the faster plants lose their turgidity hence, plant wilts

Question 38

# chapter 2 (movement of substances) what is plasmolysis caused by?

Answer 38

too much feritiliser will cause soil to become very concentrated, lower water potential, so water molecules will move out of the roots by osmosis

Question 39

# chapter 2 (movement of substances) what is active transport

Answer 39

-net movement of particles from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration against a concentration gradeint through a partially permeable membrane, energy is required

Question 40

# chapter 2 (movement of substances) where does active transport occur in

Answer 40

-living cells -small intestine -kindney tubules into the blood capillaries -root hair cells