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kuek > pure bio chapter 1 and 2 > Flashcards

pure bio chapter 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

chapter 1 (cells)

what are cells

A

Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things.

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2
Q

chapter 1(cells)

what can you see under a light microscope?

A

cytoplasm
nucleus
cell membrane
cell wall
chloroplast
PLANT CELL VACUOLE

basic cell partsa

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3
Q

chapter 1 (cells)

what can you see under an electron microscope?

A

basic cell parts( nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, cytoplasm, plant cell vacuole, chloroplast) + rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, golgi body, michrodria, ANIMAL CELL VACUOLE

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4
Q

chapter 1 (cells)

animal cell parts?

A

cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, small vacuole, vesicles, golgi body, rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rimbosomes, mitochondria,

10

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5
Q

chapter 1(cells)

plant cell parts

A

nucleus, cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, rough endoplasmic reticulum, choloroplast, golgi body, vacuole (large), vesicles, mitochondria

12

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6
Q

chapter 1(cells)

cell membrane
what is it+function

A

-made up of lipids
-partially permeable
-controls movement of substances in+out of cell

3

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7
Q

chapter 1 (cells)

cell wall
what is it+function

A

-made up of cellulose
-fully permeable membrane
-protects cell from injury and give plant cell a fixed shape

3

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8
Q

chapter 1 (cells)

cytoplasm
what is it+function

A

-made up of different organelles
-most cell activities occur there

2

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9
Q

chapter 1(cells)

nucleus
what is it+function

A

-consists of genetic information (chromosomes)
-control cell activiteis (cell growth+repair)
-essential for cell division

3

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10
Q

chapter 1(cell)

rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER)
what is it+function

A

-consits of network of flattened spaces
-transport proteins made by rimbosomes to golgi body

2

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11
Q

chapter 1(cells)

rimbosomes
what is it+function

A

-small round structures
-synthesise proteins
-either attached to RER or lying freely
=»attached to RER: make proteins to be transported out of cell
=»lying freely: make proteins to use within cell

5

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12
Q

chapter 1(cells)

smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
what is it+function

A

-synthesise fats+steriods
-convet harmful substances into harmless substances thorugh DETOXIFICATION

2

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13
Q

chapter 1(cells)

golgi body
what is it+function

A

-flattened spaces
-chemially modifies substances from ER
-stores+package subtances in secretory vesicles for secretion out of cell

3

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14
Q

chapter 1(cells)

mitochondria
what is it+function

A

-where all energy are being released
-carry out aerobic respiration when food substances are broken down, to release energy
-energy used by cells to perform activities, cell growth+reproduction

3

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15
Q

chapter 1(cells)

chloroplast
what is it+function

A

-oval structure
-contain chlorophyll
-carry out phtosyntesis

3

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16
Q

chapter 1 cells

difference between animal and plant cell vacuoles

A

animall: small and many vacuoles that are temporary. they help store food and water

plant: large central pernement vacuoles. they help store sugars, mineral salts and amino acids in cell sap

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17
Q

chapter 1(cells)

red blood cells
what is it+function

A

-contains haemoglobin
-binds oxygen+transport it around the body
-biconcave shape,icrease surface area-tovolume ration, increases oxygen diffused in+out
-no nucleus, increases haemoglobin for transport of oxygen
-flexible, can squeeze through capillaries easily

(cpecialised cells) 5

18
Q

chapter 1 (cells)

muscule cell
what is it+function

A

-many mitochondria
-»increase rate of aerobic respiration, increase energy released for cells to use for contraction+relexation

(specialised cells) 2

19
Q

chapter 1 (cells)

root hair cells
what is it+function

A

-long, narrow root hair
-»increases surface area-to-volume ratio to absorb water+mineral salts at higher rate

(specialised cells) 2

20
Q

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

what is diffusion

A

diffusion is the net movement of particls from a region of higher concentratoin to a region of lower concentration, down a concentration gradient

21
Q

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

factors affecting diffusion

A

-concentration gradient
-diffusion distance
-surface area-to-volume ratio

3

22
Q

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

what is concentration gradient

A

the difference in conentration between 2 region

23
Q

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

r/s between concentration gradient and rate of diffusion

A

greater the concentration gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion

24
Q

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

r/s between diffusion distance and rate of diffusion

A

as diffusion distance decreases, rate of diffusion decreases

25
Q

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

r/s between surface area-to-volume ratio and rate of diffusion

A

as surface area-to-volume ratio increases, rate of diffusion decreases

26
Q

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

what is osmosis

A

osmosis is the net movement of water particles from a regeion of higher concentration to a regeion of lower concentration, down a concentration gradient, through a partially permeable membrane

27
Q

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

higher water potential =?

A

=lower solute concentration

28
Q

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

when plant cell is placed in solution with lower water potential

A

plant cell will shrink + become flaccid

29
Q

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

plant cell placed in solution with higher water potential

A

plant cell swells+ become turgid

30
Q

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

plant cell placed in solution with same water potential

A

no net movement

31
Q

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

animal cell placed in solution with lower water potential

A

shrink+crenates

32
Q

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

animal cell placed in solution with higher water potential

A

swells+bursts

33
Q

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

animal cell placed in solution with same water potential

A

no net movement

34
Q

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

what is turgor pressure

A

pressure exerted by water in vacuole on cell wall

35
Q

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

why do plant cells not burst

A

because of cell wall

36
Q

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

what is net movement

A

overall movement

37
Q

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

why is turgor important in plants

A

-turgor maintains shape of soft tissues in plants
-higher rate of water loss from cells, the faster plants lose their turgidity hence, plant wilts

38
Q

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

what is plasmolysis caused by?

A

too much feritiliser will cause soil to become very concentrated, lower water potential, so water molecules will move out of the roots by osmosis

39
Q

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

what is active transport

A

-net movement of particles from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration against a concentration gradeint through a partially permeable membrane, energy is required

40
Q

chapter 2 (movement of substances)

where does active transport occur in

A

-living cells
-small intestine
-kindney tubules into the blood capillaries
-root hair cells

kuek (11 decks)

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