GEL 2.3,2.4

Question 1

2.3

what are hazards

Answer 1

it refers to a process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life, other health impacts, property damage as well as social and economic consequeces

Question 2

2.3

what can hazards be classified into

Answer 2

natural or man-made

Question 3

2.3

example of fire hazard

Answer 3

overnight charging

Question 4

2.3

causes of fire hazard

Answer 4

unattended cooking
faulty electrical appliances
wiring

Question 5

2.3

health impacts of fire hazard

Answer 5

burn injuries

Question 6

2.3

respiratory impacts of fire hazard

Answer 6

carbon monoxide poisoning which may lead to loss of consciousness and death.
acid gas can permanetly damage a person’s respiratory system.
smoke inhalation can cause breathing difficulties and suffocation which may lead to death.

Question 7

2.3

property damage due to fire

Answer 7

fire can destroy commercial or rescidential properites which can lead to economic losses as goods, furniture and improtant documents may be destroyed+money is required to rebuild the properties

Question 8

2.3

causes of air pollution

Answer 8

burning vegetation
industrial emissions
emissions from vehicles

Question 9

2.3

health impacts of air pollution

Answer 9

respiratory infections, heart diseases and lung cancer

Question 10

2.3

what are traffic hazards

Answer 10

1. speeding
2. red-light running
3. drink-driving

Question 11

2.3

health impacts of traffic hazards

Answer 11

serious injuries which may lead to disabillites or loss of life

Question 12

2.3

how to manage traffic hazards

Answer 12

1. speed cameras
2. messages along expressways

Question 13

2.4

what is environmental stewardship

Answer 13

the action taken by individuals or groups, to protect, care for or responsibly use the environment to pursue environmental and or social outcomes

Question 14

2.4

how to have environmental stewardship

Answer 14

1. seek to conserve natural resources
2. preserve the existing natural environment
3. repair the damages and reverse the negative impacts caused by humans to ensure its sustainability

Question 15

2.4

how can environmental stewardship be achieved

Answer 15

1. promotig volunteerism –> this helps residents to be more aware of what they can and should do to responsibly use and protect the environment
2. partnership of public and private sectors

Question 16

2.4

what is disaster risk

Answer 16

the likelihood of damage to properties, injuries and loss of lives from a disaster in a given period of time

Question 17

2.4

3 main factors that causes disaster risks

Answer 17

1. nature of hazard
2. vulnerability
3. exposure

Question 18

2.4

explain nature of hazard

Answer 18

the type of hazard

Question 19

2.4

explain vulnerability

Answer 19

the conditions determined by physical, social, economic and environmental factors, which increases the susceptbility of peple and their belongings to the impact of hazards (how susceptible is the neighbourhood to this hazard)

Question 20

2.4

explain exposure

Answer 20

the situation of people and their belongings located in harzard-prone areas (likelihood to be exposed to the risk)

Question 21

2.4

what is disaster risk management (DRM)

Answer 21

plans and actions that are implemented to prevent new risks from happening, reduce existing risks and manage disater risks

Question 22

2.4

example of DRM

Answer 22

1. SCDF conducts Community emergency preparedness programme (CEPP) which focuses on lifesaving skills and emergency procedures
2. SCDF has Public Warning System (PWS) which is a network of sirens placed at strategic points throughout the city, it warns the public of imminent threts that may endager lives and property such as natural and man-made disasters

Question 23

2.4

what is community resillience

Answer 23

the ability of a community to resist adap and recover from impacts of disasters in a timely and efficient manner

Question 24

2.4

how can community resillience be developed

Answer 24

1. strengthening relastionships among residents and raising their awareness of potential hazards
2. developing residents ability to organise themselves and equip themselves with resources to resis, adapt and recover from a disaster

Question 25

2.4

example of strengthening of r/s among residents

Answer 25

the People’s Association (PA) organises a wide range of community activities aimed at fostering positive r/s amongst residents
some programmes include active ageing, emergency preparedness etc

Question 26

2.4

example of developing residents ability to organsise themselves and equip themselves with resources to resist, adapt and recover from a disaster

Answer 26

Singapore, Community First Responders (CFRs) volunteers are important in supporting the gov in search and rescue opperations, relief work and educationg the public on simple first-aid and basic firefighting.

Question 27

3.1

what are the different types of data

Answer 27

primary data
secondary data

Question 28

3.1

what is primary data +eg

Answer 28

data that are collected first-hand
eg photograph, sketches taken by fieldwork researchers (you)

Question 29

3.1

what is secondary data
eg

Answer 29

data that are collected by someone else
eg books newspaper..

Question 30

3.1

what can data be classified into

Answer 30

quantitative and qualitative data

Question 31

3.1

what is quantitative data

Answer 31

data that can be quantified and measured

Question 32

3.1

what is qualitative data

Answer 32

data that are not easily measured

Question 33

3.1

when should quantitative data come before qualitative data

Answer 33

when the question needs to collect data to identify patterns and trends first than observe and examine the patterens and trends

Question 34

3.1

when should qualitative data come before quantitative data

Answer 34

when the question needs to collect data to make observations first then verify with quantitative data

Question 35

3.1

different types of limitations

Answer 35

how much data to be collected
time available
access to places
availability of equipment
manpower

Question 36

3.2

what are the various pre-defined responese

Answer 36

1. lkert scales
2. frequency scales
3. ranking scales
4. open ended QN