Pump App. Ch 5

Question 0

Positioning fire department pumpers:

Answer 0

Depending on the situation, the pumper may provide water directly to fire streams for the incident control for supply water to other pumpers or aerial apparatus that intern are directly attacking the fire.

Question 1

For the incident action plan IAP to be implemented efficiently and safely, what must the driver operator properly do?

Answer 1

The apparatus must be positioned so that it’s use is maximized and that interference with other units is minimized. For driver/operator’s to properly position their apparatus they must have training, practice, and knowledge of the departments SOP’s
– Each type of apparatus should be positioned according to his purpose and it’s role in achieving strategic goals and tactical objectives. It must also function in coordination with other apparatus working the incident.

Question 2

Fire attack pumpers:

Answer 2

There is no one set rule for positioning pumpers supplying the taglines on the fire ground. This is because a variety of factors must be considered when determining optimum positioning for both first due and late arriving pumpers

Question 3

Positioning for fire attack:

Answer 3

– Determining the proper position for the attack pumper begins with sizing up the incident. This is particularly crucial for the first apparatus arriving on the scene. It has the apparatus approaches the scene, the driver/operator and company of officer should observe the incident conditions to determine the best place to position the apprentice. Later arriving apparatus will be directed to locations based on SOP’s or orders from the IC– Incident command.

Question 4

Where should the apparatus position when it arrives at a location where no fire is evident and are in investigation mode?

Answer 4

It’s generally advisable to park near the best access point into the occupancy. Often the main entrance.
– This allows fire company personnel to enter the structure and investigate the situation. The driver operator should remain with the vehicle and prepare to make connections to the water supply or sprinkler/standby fire department connection or pull attack hose lines if needed.

Question 5

When fire conditions are evident upon approaching the scene, There are a variety of considerations the influence of this decision. Some of the more important ones include the following

Answer 5

– Departmental standard operating procedures
– Rescue situations
– Water supply
– Method of attack
– Exposures
– Wind direction
– Terrain
– Relocation potential

Question 6

Rescue situations on the fire scene:

Answer 6

Life safety is always first tactical priority any fire incident. If there is an obvious rescue situation, such as people hanging out of the cover story windows, The apparatus should be positioned to facilitate the timely deployment of ground ladders or the aerial device to effect the rescue

Question 7

Water supply on the fire scene:

Answer 7

If the incident is small enough to be him with the water that is carried on the apparatus, water supply is not a major consideration in positioning the apprentice. If an Extertal supply is required, this must be considered by the driver/operator and company officer before deciding on the final position. If the first arriving apparatus is located in the position that is difficult for other apparatus to access, such as up a narrow lane or driveway, a supply hose should be late into the scene as the apprentice moves into position. Is a fire hydrant is located close enough to The fire building to allow the attack pumper to connect to it and still be in the safe, effective operating position, this should also be considered

Question 8

Method of attack at the fire scene

Answer 8

The The method of fire attack has a major impact on apparatus position. If the incident can be handled with pre-connected and lungs, the apprentice must be positioned so that the nozzle reaches the area that contains the seat of the fire. If portable master streams are going to be used, the apparatus must be positioned close enough for hose lines to effectively supply them. If the turret on the apparatus is going to be used, the apparatus must be in a position that allows the fires trying to reach its intended target.

Question 9

Exposures at the fire scene:

Answer 9

– If the fire has the potential to threaten exposures, the apparatus should be positioned so that the fire streams can be deployed to protect those exposures. In some cases, it will be necessary to sacrifice the original fire building in order to save severely threatened exposures. This is a strategic decision made by the IC.

Question 10

When considering exposures, it is important to remember that we bring our own:

Answer 10

– The apparatus itself. Avoid positioning the apparatus in a location that subjects it to high levels of radiant heat, falling and embers, or other products of combustion. Any position that requires wetting the apparatus to prevent damage is not a good position.

Question 11

Wind direction at the fire scene:

Answer 11

– Whenever possible, attempt to position the apparatus upwind of the incident. This negates the need for the driver/operator to wear protective breathing apparatus well operating the vehicle. It also reduces the possibility of the apparatus becoming an exposure should fire conditions worsen. Lastly, if hazardous materials are involved in the fire, positioning up wind, in the cold zone will reduce the chance of contaminating the vehicle and personnel assigned to it.

Question 12

Terrain at the fire scene:

Answer 12

There are numerous ways in which terrain affects apparatus placement. Given the choice, always choose a paved surface over in the unpaved service. This eliminates the chance of the apparatus getting stuck once the area becomes wet.
– In most cases, it is also desirable to be uphill from the incident whenever possible. There is less strain placed on the fire pump by supplying hose lines down hill then pumping up and he’ll also, positioning uphill from a hazardous materials incident, eliminates the chance of a hazardous liquid flowing underneath the vehicle.
One exception to the up hill rule is when positioning at a wildland fire. Wildland fires move a pill faster then on flat terrain or downhill. Stay downhill from the main body of wildland fires whenever possible.

Question 13

Relocation potential at the fire scene:

Answer 13

– Always leave your self a way out! Never position the apparatus in a location that does not allow an easy retreat should conditions warrant the need to move.
– When laying a supply hose into the fire scene, make sure that the hoses lead to the side of the street if at all possible. This is particularly important with large diameter hose lines, because once they are charged with water, they are extremely difficult to move. Therefore, later arriving apparatus may be forced to drive over them.
– Another important consideration when determining a good position for a tech pumpers is the condition of the fire building and the potential for structural collapse. Buildings that have been extensively damaged buildings poor condition before the fire may be subject to sudden collapse

Question 14

Positioning to support aerial apparatus at the fire scene

Answer 14

– In most cases, pumping apparatus arrive on the scene prior to the arrival of the first aerial apparatus. Driver/operator’s of pumping apparatus must not only seek a good tactical location for the vehicle they are driving, but they must also keep in mind the needs of aerial apparatus that will soon arrive on scene. Failure to leave a good position for the aerial apparatus can have serious negative consequences on the overall outcome of the incident.

Question 15

Supporting fire department connections FDC:

Answer 15

Friction and elevation lost our major considerations when supporting elevated streams, and the pumping apparatus driver/operator must be aware of these losses
–Pumpers equipped with their own elevated stream devices true position in the same manner as aerial apparatus providing fire suppression.
– Apparatus will generally position as close as possible to the sprinkler or standpipe FDC. This location should be established during pre-incident planning activities. Many departments have SOP’s that require the first to pump to proceed directly to the FDC.
– In many cases, a fire hydrant is located very close to the FD see. This allows the pumper to connect to both the hydrant and the S DC with relative ease.
– In extreme cases where there is no water supply available near the sprinkler or fire department connection, it may be necessary to establish a relay for water shuttle system.

Question 16

Water source supply pumpers:

Answer 16

– Not all pumpers located directly on the fire scene and pump into attack those lines. In some situations, pumpers located at a distance water supply source and pump water to the apprentice at the fire scene.

Question 17

Drafting operations:

Answer 17

Drafting operations are required when he pumper is going to be supplied from a static water supply source such as a pond, lakes, streams, for cistern. Drafting pumpers may supply fire ground apparatus directly or may serve as source pumpers for relay for water shuttle operations. These operations are common in the room areas but may also be needed in some urban incidents.

Question 18

During pre-incident planning, fire departments should identify all what suitable locations in their response district and keep a record of them for future use?

Answer 18

Drafting locations.
– This information should be contained in the map for plan books carried on the apparatus as well as retained by the dispatcher. Preference should be given to drafting sites that are accessible from a paved surface and require a minimum length of suction hose or lift
– Minimizing lift distances provides better discharge capabilities and should be a primary consideration. Some bridges, boat ramps, and large docks make good drafting locations.
– Use caution when drafting from locations that are off paved surfaces. These services may be unstable and cause the apparatus to sink into the ground. As well, the bank may slough off into the water, creating a serious tipping hazard for the apparatus.

Question 19

Maximum GPM discharge at various lifts when drafting:

Answer 19

With a 1500 GPM pump and 6 inch hard suction hose with two sections equaling 20 ft.:
– 4 feet of lift 1735 GPM is delivered
– 6 feet of lift 1660 GPM
– 8 feet of lift 1575 GPM
– 10 feet of lift 1500 GPM

Question 20

What is dry hydrant?

Answer 20

Dry hydrant consists of an intake hose connection on the shore and a length of pipe equipped with a strainer that extends into the water supply source.
– This allows intake hose from the pumper to be quickly connected to the water supply source when a drafting operation is needed.

Question 21

Why should standard hard intake hose not be connected to a fire hydrant?

Answer 21

Only hard intake hose that has been designed to withstand positive pressure should be connected to a fire hydrant
There have been instances of hard intake hose coupling failure or hose rupture when connected to fire hydrants with extraordinarily high static pressures

Question 22

What is the advantage of adding a 2 1/2” gate valve to the hydrant when a LDH hose has also been connected?

Answer 22

Gate to pounce make it possible to add lines without shutting down the hydrant
– Also makes it possible to get more water volume to the pumper in cases where the large diameter hose cannot supply enough by itself

Question 23

Large diameter intake hose connections:

Answer 23

The preferred type of hose for connection to a fire hydrant is a large diameter intake hose. Sometimes referred to as a soft sleeve or soft suction hose. Actually, soft suction is a misnomer.
– Intake hose sections are commonly 10 to 50 feet long.

Question 24

Whether the hydrant outlet faces the street or is parallel to the curb line is another factor in apparatus placement:

Answer 24

If the front wheels of the apprentice returned to a 45° angle, driver/operator can easily adjust the distance to or from the hydrant by moving the unit forward or backward

Question 25

Side intake connections:

Answer 25

To avoid blocking the street with the apparatus, the driver/operator must stop the pumper close to the curb and with the pump intake a few feet short of being in line with the hydrant outlet. Stopping short of the hydrant out with permits the intake hose to slightly curved, preventing kinks drastically reduce flow

Question 26

Why should twists not be put in the hose if either or both ends are equipped with sexless couplings?

Answer 26

This could result in one of the Coupling connections coming apart as it is charged. To avoid possible injury to the hydrant operator, some departments train their firefighters to stand behind the hydrant when opening the hydrant valve

Question 27

Front and rear intake connections:

Answer 27

And when using front or rear into connections, the vehicle should be aimed or angled in the direction of the hydrant. This angle should be 45° or less. However, when performing this maneuver, make sure that you do not Block the entire street from other vehicles that may need to access the scene

Question 28

Connecting to the 2 1/2 inch hydrant outlets:

Answer 28

When the maximum flow from a hydrant is not needed, or large diameter intake hose is not available, connection to the hydrant may be made with one or two 2 1/2 inch outlets. This is done by connecting sections of 2 1/2 inch hopes to the pump intake.
– The smaller diameter hose may be in the longer lengths then hose and that Allows maximum flexibility with regard to the location of the
pumper.
– This is also light enough to be easily handled by one person. Therefore the time required to make the connection is decreased. Allowing the pumper to connect and begin supplying water with A minimum of delay
– Main disadvantage of connecting the smaller lines is that you are limited to the amount of water that can be supplied.

Question 29

Smaller diameter hose lines can be connected to the pump through the large into a connection through using:

Answer 29

Multiple lines can be connected with a bell reducer or a suction Siamese fitting

Question 30

Dual pumping operations:

Answer 30

– Often incorrectly referred to as tandem pumping.
– Pumpers are connected intake to intake.
– Pumper two pumps water through its lines to the fire. It’s supply is the water not being used by pumper one that is passing through it
One strong hydrant may be used to supply two pumpers. This rarely used type of operation does offer some advantages, including better use of available water and shorter hose lays. Particularly if the hydrant is close to the fire. Additional hose lines can be placed in operation more quickly, and apprentice may be grouped close together, alone easier coordination.

Question 31

Tandem pumping operations:

Answer 31

Tandem pumping operations are actually a form of relay pumping with the bumpers position closely together rather than evenly spaced in the supply hose layout.
– Tandem pump may be needed one pressures higher than a single engine is capable of supplying are required. This sometimes occurs when the bumper is attempting to supply high rise sprinkler or standpipe systems, over very long hose lays.
– Caution! – In a tandem pumping operation, it is possible to pump water at greater pressure than the hose can withstand. Pressure supplied to the hose should not exceed that at which the hoses tested annually.
– In tandem pumping, the two engines may be positioned as much is 300 feet apart. The pump are directly connected to the water supply stores pumps water through its discharge outlet into the intake of the second engine. This enables the second engine to discharge water at a much higher pressure than it could have generated on its own.
– The higher pressures result from the fact that the pumps are actually acting in series

Question 32

Positioning wildland fire apparatus:

Answer 32

– Because of the dynamic nature of wildland fires, wildland fire apparatus are seldom position in the same location for the duration of an incident. Wildland fire apparatus mean reposition many times during the course of an incident. In many cases, they conduct mobile tech operations. Therefore The guidelines for positioning wildland fire apparatus must be more flexible than those for structural fire apparatus
– The two most common functions for wildland fire apparatus or provide structural protection and making a direct attack on the fire.

Question 33

Structural protection on a wild land fire operation:

Answer 33

After life safety, the highest priority for most wildland firefighting operations is the protection of structures that are exposed to the fire.
– The boundary between the wildland and structural is often referred to as the wildland/urban interface.
– Fires in the wildland/urban interface are among the most challenging for firefighters.
– Fires in the wildland are often at the end of the long, narrow driveway’s opening from Rurel lanes. They are also often surrounded by dry, flammable vegetation.
– For safety, engines should be back in from the last known turn around, and the crew should know the location of landmarks along the way.

Question 34

Once an engine reaches the structure it has been assigned to protect:

Answer 34

– Position the apparatus off of the roadway to avoid blocking other fire apparatus or evacuating vehicles
– Scrape away fuel, if necessary, to avoid positioning in flammable vegetation
– position the apparatus on the Lee side of the structure to minimize exposure to heat and blowing fire embers
– Position the upper it is near, but not close to the structure so that hose lines can be kept short
– Place the engines air conditioning system in recirculation mode to avoid trying smoke in from outside
– Do not position the apparatus next to or under hazards such as the following:
– Powerlines
– Trees or snags
– LPG tanks for other pressure vessels
– Structures that might burn

Question 35

Wild land fire attack:

Answer 35

The driver/operator must constantly be aware of the fires current location and direction of spread so that the apparatus and it’s crew are not placed in a position of danger.
To reduce the risk to engine crews as much as possible, their attack is always be gone from an anchor point – which is a natural or man-made barrier that will prevent the fire from spreading around and encircling the engine and crew.
– Typical anchor points are roads, lakes, ponds, streams and previously burned areas. Because the apparatus is often being operated close to the fire, the driver/Operators vision may be secured by smoke.
– High brush and dense vegetation also tend to limit the driver/operator’s ability to clearly see the surface on which he and the crew are operating.
– Whenever the apparatus is positioned, the wheels should always be shocked. The apparatus should be positioned facing the exit direction and a short one and a half inch or one and three-quarter inch line should be deployed and charged for protection of the apparatus.
– Small portion of water in the vehicles tank should always be reserved for protection of the apparatus and crew.

Question 36

Gen. engine operation safety procedures in the wildland are as follows:

Answer 36

– Conditions should be positioned in the safety zone and should not be left unattended at fires
– Effective communication/coordination with the rest of the fire ground organization is critical for safe and effective engine operation
– Headlights should be on whenever the engine is running
– Engines should be back into one-way roads and driveways facing the escape route
– All windows should remain to prevent burning embers from entering the cab of the vehicle
– Always establish an anchor point prior to attacking a wildland fire– Engine and crew should drawback to the flanks rather than attempt a frontal attack if the fire is spreading rapidly up slope
– Injun position should maximize protection from heat and fire. Take into consideration such has roots as overhead power lines, heavy fuel stands, and incoming air drops. Take advantage of natural breaks such as roads and orchards.protect apparatus with protection lines
– Apparatus should not be driven into unburned fuel is higher than the bumper or running forward without a spotter. Hidden stumps, logs, or other hazards can disable the vehicle. Spotters are also needed for nighttime driving when the terrain is not visible
– Crew should use areas of burn fuel whenever possible. Apparatus attacking from the unburned side must leave sufficient clearance distances from the Fireline to allow for loss of water and mechanical failure
– Crew should be aware of fire conditions. Travel and position and Brett us accordingly at all times.
– The location of operating crew should be considered when moving apparatus. Do not drive into smoke where crew may be operating. This must be driven through smoke, sound the horn for siren intermittently, Hughes morning and headlights, and drive slow

Question 37

In addition to pumping and aerial apparatus, other types of apparatus may be present on the fire ground:

Answer 37

– Rescue/squad apparatus
– Command vehicles
– Breathing air supply apparatus
– EMS vehicles

Question 38

Rescue/squad apparatus on wild land fire:

Answer 38

Personnel assigned to them are commonly used as extra manpower on the fire scene or to perform truck company functions in the absence of an aerial apparatus on the scene. Rescue vehicles may be equipped with large scale electrical generation and lighting capabilities that make them useful during nighttime operations. Some rescue vehicles are also equipped to refill self-contained breathing apparatus cylinders

Question 39

Command vehicles on wildfire operations:

Answer 39

Command vehicles are used as in I CP or incident command post on a wild land fire scene
– Should be posted at a location that provides for maximum visibility of the incident. Attempt to have a clear view of two sides
– Provide for maximum visibility of the area surrounding the incident
– Place in a position that is easy to locate for other responders operating on the scene
– Position somewhere outside of the immediate danger zone
– Avoid blocking the movement of other fire apparatus for interfering with incident operations.
– Display some type of light for signing them readily identify’s vehicle is the I CP

Question 40

What is the cascade system?

Answer 40

Large breathing air cylinders that are connected together in banks.
Typically 4–12 large cylinders. They allow air to be transferred from the large cylinders into the smaller SCB a cylinders.

Question 41

Breathing air compressors:

Answer 41

Engine driven appliances take in atmospheric air, purify it and compress it. They continue to refill SCB a cylinders as long as their motors are running

Question 42

What are the two primary types of EMS vehicles that may respond to fire scenes?

Answer 42

– Rapid response units – non-transport. Usually vehicles that carry emergency medical technicians or paramedics and The equipment they need to treat victims. But, they are not equipped to transport victims to the hospital.
– Ambulances –

Question 43

What is the manual of uniform traffic control devices, emergency vehicle lighting?

Answer 43

The U.S. Department of Transportation publishes guidelines for operating at highway emergencies.
– High intensity rotating, flashing, oscillating, for strobe lights should be used as needed to reach the scene, but once on scene It’s use should be reduced as much as possible.
– It goes on to say that if good traffic control is established group placement of advanced warning signs and traffic control devices to diaper or detour traffic, then public safety agencies can perform their tasks with minimal emergency vehicle lighting
– DOT also says that consideration should be given to reducing for extinguish forward facing emergency vehicle light – including headlight especially on a divided highway, to reduce distractions to oncoming Drivers.

Question 44

All crewmembers must exercise extreme caution when I’m getting off the apparatus on the highway or turnpike etc.

Answer 44

So that they are not struck by vehicle. Similarly, driver/operator’s are extremely vulnerable to being struck by motors back beyond the protection offered by properly. Department commonly respond to highway incident tend to prefer top mounted pump panel, because for a greater degree of protection.