Pulmonology Flashcards
Antitussive
medication that suppresses the cough reflex
aspiration
unintentional inhalation of any substance other than air
bronchoscopy
examination of the bronchi through a specialized instrument called a bronchoscope
chest physiotherapy
type of therapy that includes percussion over the thorax or vibration and positioning to facilitate loosening and removal of respiratory secretions
circumoral cyanosis
blue coloring around the mouth due to inadequate oxygenation
corticosteroids
medications that suppress the immune response and decrease inflammation
crackles
abnormal crackly lung sound heard with a stethoscope
dyspnea
painful or difficult breathing
exhalation
act of breathing out; also called expiration
expectorant
medication that liquefies and loosens respiratory secretions to aid in expelling them
febrile
fever causing
hemoptysis
coughing up blood
hypoxia
deficient level of oxygen
hypoxic drive
backup system of respiration that stimulates breathing in a patient who is retaining carbon dioxide
incentive spirometer
handheld device used by the patient to inhale a maximal breath to keep lungs expanded and functional
inhalation
act of breathing in ; also called inspiration
lobectomy
surgical removal of lobe of lung
lymphadenopathy
swollen, tender cervical lymph nodes
mantoux test
test to identify tuberculosis exposure
metered dose inhaler
handheld device used to inhale medication into the lungs
nasal cannula
oxygen tubing designed to deliver oxygen into a patient’s nose
nebulizer
device that produces a fine spray or mist to deliver medication to the air passages and lungs
peak flow meter
handheld device used to measure an individual’s lung capacity
ph scale
scale used to measure acidity or alkalinity of a substance
pleural membranes
double membranes that cover the lungs and line the thoracic cavity
pulmonology
field of medicine that studies and treats respiratory disorders
pulmonologist
physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of respiratory disorders
pneumonectomy
surgical removal of an entire lung
pulmonary function test
measurement of air flow and lung volumes; also called spirometry
purulent
consisting of or containing pus
rhonchi
coarse gurgling sound heard on auscultation that is caused by secretions in the air passages
wedge resection
surgical removal of a small part of a lung
wheeze
somewhat musical sound heard in the lungs, usually with a stethoscope, that is caused by partial airway obstruction
are/o
air
ex. aerophagia: swallowing air
bronch/o
bronchi/o
bronchus
ex. bronchitis: inflammation of the bronchus
ex. bronchiectasis: dilation or expansion of the bronchus
chondr/o
cartilage
ex. chrondroplasty: surgical repair of the cartilage
epiglott/o
epiglottis
ex. epiglottal: pertaining to the epiglottis
laryng/o
larynx
ex. laryngitis: inflammation of the larynx
nas/o
rhin/o
nose
ex. nasogastric:pertaining to the nose and stomach
ex. rhinitis: inflammation of the nose (runny nose)
muc/o
mucus
ex. mucoid: resembling mucus
or/o
stomat/o
mouth
ex. oral: pertaining to the mouth
ex. stomatitis: inflammation of the mouth
orth/o
straight
ex. orthopnea: breathing in the straight position
ox/o
oxygen
ex. anoxia: condition of no oxygen
pharyng/o
pharynx
ex. pharyngeal: pertaining to the pharynx
pleur/o
pleura
ex. pleurodynia: pain in the pleura
pneum/o
pneumon/o
lung, air
ex. pneumonia: condition of the lung
ex. pneumonectomy: surgical excision of the lung
pulmon/o
lung
ex. pulmonary: pertaining to the lung
sinus/o
sinus
ex. sinusoid: resembling a sinus
thorac/o
thorax
ex. thoracentesis: surgical puncture of the thorax
tonsill/o
tonsils
ex. tonsillitis: inflammation of the tonsils
trache/o
trachea
ex. tracheotomy: surgical incision into the trachea
circum-
around
ex. circumoral: pertaining to around the mouth
hypo-
below, beneath
ex. hypoxia: condition of low oxygen
intra-
within
ex. intrathoracic: pertaining to within the thorax
para-
beside, near
ex. paranasal: pertaining to beside or near the nose
peri-
beside, near
ex. peritonsillar: pertaining to beside or near the tonsils
post-
after, following
ex. postnasal: pertaining to the posterior portion of the nose
-ary
pertaining to
ex. pulmonary: pertaining to the lungs
-algia
pain
ex. stomatalgia: mouth pain
-centesis
surgical punture
ex. pleurocentesis: surgical puncture of the pleura
-cyte
cell
ex. chondrocyte: cartilage cell
-desis
binding
ex. pleurodesis: binding the pleura
-ectomy
excision, surgical removal
ex. laryngectomy: surgical removal of the llarynx
-logist
specialist in the study of
ex. pulmonologist: specialist in the study and treatment of lung disorders
-ole
small
ex. bronchiole: small bronchus
-plasty
surgical repair
ex. rhinoplasty: surgical repair of the nose
-plegia
paralysis
ex. laryngoplegia: paralyzed larynx
-scope
instrument used to view
ex. laryngoscope: instrument used to view the larynx
-scopy
visual examination
ex. bronchoscopy: visual examination of the bronchi
-stomy
mouthlike opening
ex. tracheostomy: mouthlike opening in the trachea
ABGs
arterial blood gases
RT
respiratory therapy
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
SARS
sudden acute respiratory syndrome
COPD
chronic obstruction pulmonary disease
SOB
shortness of breath
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Stat
immediately
CO2
carbon dioxide
TB
tuberculosis
O2
oxygen
URI
upper respiratory infection
PND
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
VC
vital capacity
acute respiratory distress syndrome
hypoxemia and respiratory failure due to severe inflammatory damage to the lungs after severe infection or trauma
allergic rhinitis
inflammation of the nasal membranes due to allergies; also called hay fever
asthma
disorder in which airways overreact to certain triggers with inflammation, resulting in narrowing, mucus production, and dyspnea; also called reactive airway disease
atelectasis
partial collapse of lung tissues, such as alveoli and bronchioles
bronchitis
infection of the bronchial passages, usually by a virus but possibly by bacteria
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
group of chronic lung disorders that includes emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and asthma and creates obstructive changes in the bronchi and alveoli; also called chronic obstructive lung disease (COLD)
CROUP
acute viral disease, usually in children, marked by a barking,”seal-like” cough and respiratory distress
cystic fibrosis
fetal genetic disease that causes frequent respiratory infections, increased airway secretions, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in children
emphysema
common chronic obstructive respiratory disorder that causes permanent, destructive changes to respiratory structures
empyema
collection of infected fluid in a body cavity, usually between the pleura
epistaxis
nosebleed
epstein-barr virus
infection caused by the Epstein-barr virus (EBV) which is a member of the herpesvirus family, also known as mononucleosis or glandular fever
glomerulonephritis
type of kidney infection
hemothorax
condition in which blood has collected between the pleura linings of the lungs
hypercapnia
chronic retention of carbon dioxide in the blood
influenza
group of viral respiratory illnesses marked by fever, headache, muscle aches, rhinitis, fatigue, sore throat, dry cough, and gastrointestinal symptoms
lung cancer
group of several different types of cancer, including small cell, non small cell, squamous cell, adenocarcinoma, and large cell lung cancer
orthopnea
need to remain upright in order to breathe effectively
pharyngitis
sore throat
pleural effusion
collection of fluid in the pleural space
pneumonia
viral or bacterial infection of the lungs
pneumothorax
condition in which air has collected between the pleural linings of the lungs
pulmonary tuberculosis
contagious lung infection caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis organism
sinusitis
inflammation of the lining of the sinus cavities
upper respiratory infection
acute inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nasal passages and throat caused by virus; also called the common cold or coryza
severe acute respiratory syndrome
viral respiratory illness marked by head and body aches, fever, and doug that may lead to severe pneumonia
stridor
medical emergency marked by a high-pitched upper airway sound (heard without stethoscope) that indicates airway obstruction
